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The Preparations of Polystyrene Composite Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Electrochemical Analysis

Author: MaXiaoDong
Tutor: LuoMin
School: Ningxia University
Course: Physical and chemical
Keywords: nanomaterials polystyrene nanocomposites LBL self-assembly glucose oxidase electrochemical analysis
CLC: O657.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2013
Downloads: 141
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Nanomaterials have unique properties owing to their size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. They are different from masonry unit, atoms or molecules in characteristics and can be used as excellent electrode materials. Usually, nanomaterials’particular physicochemical properties are applied to the electrode interface by modifying nanomaterials on the surface of electrodes, so that the electrodes have special catalytic effect on electrochemical behavior of certain substances. At the same time, nanomaterials modification can significantly increase specific surface area of the electrodes, increase the amount of electroactivitys on the electrodes surface, improve the electrode response sensitivity and widen the concentration range of the electrodes response. Therefore, there have a great important significance to choose applicable nanomaterials or modified nanornaterials as modifications for improving the electrochemical detection performance of electrodes.In this paper, we apply the electrochemical method to study the electrode which modified by nanomaterials. It can significantly improve the performance of the electrode through using modified nanomaterials to modify electrode. To fix glucose oxidase on the surface of the modified electrodes that have biocompatibility, we prove that it can significantly improve the response performance of the electrode and can obtain ideal analysis test results. The main contents are as follows:(1) We prepared three different kinds of nanomaterial respectively, namely, the nano silicon, gold nanoparticles and polystyrene microspheres, and they respectively stand for inorganic oxide, metal and organic polymer nanomaterials. This research work respectively use TEM, SEM and FTIR method to characterize the structure of these several nanomaterials. Through investigating the performance (including the stability, the electron transfer efficiency and the ability of loading the BSA) of nanornaterials in different conditions (such as different pH, different solvents and different ionic strength), we obtain that it can provide a basis for the best nanoparticles as a biological carrier material selection. At the same time, it also provide theoretical and technical support for many biological sample in analysis detection which using nanomaterials as the carrier.(2) We form a composite materials by using the graphene with polystyrene, preparate polystyrene/graphene composites by the method of blending, and fix the glucose oxidase on the modified electrodes of polystyrene/graphene composites applying the method of adsorption. To characterize the modified electrode, and applied to electrochemical analysis test. This work studies the graphene to enhance the electron transport properties of polystyrene materials, and also studies the electrochemical properties of glucose oxidase in polystyrene/graphene composites modified electrodes. Through simple and effective way, we achieve the analysis and detection of the nanocornposites fixed on glucose oxidase to glucose.(3) Using LBL technology, we realize the alternately assembled through the electrostatic interaction between the positive and negative charge on nanomaterials, preparate polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites, and fix glucose oxidase on the modified electrodes of polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites using the adsorption method. By comparing the performance of the modified electrodes on polystyrene, carbon nanotubes, and polystyrene/carbon nanotube with different type of assembly and the frequency, we obtain the optimum assembly times of polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites, and build a new method of the layers assembly based on the modified electrodes of polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites in electrochemical analysis test.

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CLC: > Mathematical sciences and chemical > Chemistry > Analytical Chemistry > Instrument analysis ( physics and physical chemistry ) > Electrochemical analysis
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