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City, as a leading role in national economic development, plays an important part in economy in China. With the theme“Better City, Better Life”, Shanghai World Expo demonstrates the value of city more fully. The researches on the city carried on relatively late, which mainly focused on the urban internal and industrial structure. The research on urban spatial distributing and spatial interaction in the whole country is infrequent from respective of space, especially linked with geography, economics, population, etc. Meanwhile, the application of geographic information system is still in a lower level, which is mainly used for data management and thematic mapping, while less in spatial analysis. Urban spatial Interaction theory is an important basic theory of urban geography. Therefore, in the scale of the Prefectural-Level city and above, from the perspective of space, take the distribution of urban space and spatial interaction as research topics, combining geography, economy, population and other attribution, using GIS technology and the theory and approach such as spatial analysis, spatial statistics, physics, economics etc. The research widens the applied domain of spatial data mining, and provides government with important decision-making supports for urban planning, regional planning etc. The research contents are the following.Using Gini Coefficient on the research of cities distribution rules in whole country area. Based on space, combined with economic, social and other attribute data, discussing the distribution pattern of urban space in China. The results show that cities in whole have significant characteristics of special spatial clusters. There is specific correlation between spatial distribution of cities and geographical factors in China.With PCA algorithm and the theory of spatial interaction model, reconstructing gravity models, in the scales of prefecture-level cities, the spatial interactions of 17 cities in Shandong Province have been analyzed. Based this, quantitative analysis and qualitative evaluation have been done.Based potential model, the power of interaction among 275 cities in China have been estimated. Then as Voronoi diagram has been drawn, according to map generalization principle, combined with the characteristics of spatial location, distributing density and spatial extension and so on, research on adjusting of the grouped point object load in the cities. Based on spatial autocorrelation model, adopting the space weight based on distance band, spatial pattern of urban economy with Moran’s I and local Moran’s I have been analyzed. The results show that the spatial pattern has significant spatial clustering trends in Chinese urban economic, besides, urban economic pattern polarization obviously. Since 2006, the concentration degree in urban economic level has been strengthening continuously.
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