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Evolution Characteristics of Early Season Indica Rice Cultivars and the Response to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Author: YuanJiang
Tutor: WangShaoHua；ZhangXiuFu
School: Nanjing Agricultural College
Course: Crop Cultivation and Farming System
Keywords: Early indica rice Plant Type Population Quality Yield Quality Nitrogen efficiency
CLC: S511.21
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 19
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Abstract

Study the evolution of the species of great significance for guiding production, the development of breeding objectives, forecasting the direction of the development of varieties, formulating industrial policies. 16 different era breeding representation of early indica rice varieties through field trials of different nitrogen levels to explore the evolution of early indica rice varieties evolution of the process plant type, population quality, yield and rice quality characteristics, and to explore yield and nitrogen efficiency varieties evolution process in the evolution of nitrogen fertilizer response characteristics. The main findings are as follows: early indica rice varieties in the improvement process, the upper three functional leaves shorter, straighten and thicken and becomes quite. Blade straight, pretty leaf base angle and blade curvature improved the most significant effect. Section between overall performance became shorter and thicker. Basal luffing most significantly, from the early tall stalk varieties 4.51 cm down to recent excellent ultra varieties 1.52 cm; panicle the most significant improvement is the number of grains per panicle and secondary branch. Leaf length, leaf type of improvement of early indica rice varieties should be increased under the premise of maintaining the existing blade curvature to increase the function of the photosynthetic area of ??the leaves, so as to increase the growth of rice late accumulation of photosynthetic products; stem type of improvement should be increased basal roughness rachis length to appropriately increase the height and biomass and fertility latter does not occur lodging; The panicle improved ear length should be increased and the branch number, in order to increase the number of grains per panicle. Early indica rice varietal improvement process, after flowering groups photosynthetic production capacity enhancement, dry matter accumulation; the full heading leaf area index and total spikelets; efficient leaf area ratio spikelets root activity decreased slightly; effective leaf area ratio and panicle rate changed little; Culm sheath heavy trend was first decreased and then increased slightly. Effective way for further improvement of early indica rice groups is to increase the proportion of high leaf area rate, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products after flowering; same time, the increase in the total number of spikelets, making the coordination of the source library. Early indica rice yield varieties of evolution gradually increased. Various stages of evolution of actual production order 3.91,5.83,6.54,7.06 t · hm-2, each stage of the increase of 49.10%, 12.17% and 7.95%, respectively. Consistent with the evolution trend of the harvest index. Yield components of four factors, grains per panicle addition to the varieties of dwarf varieties Aikang difference was not significant, the rest of the stages of evolution differences were significant. Early indica rice varieties from the early days of the tall stalk to the recent excellent super varieties, improving the results of grains per panicle the most significant, the largest contribution to the production. Through the breeding of improved breeding of grains per panicle number panicle varieties is an effective way to achieve early season rice production to further improve. Early indica rice varieties in the evolution process, milled rice rate declined slightly larger; grain length, grain width smaller, the aspect ratio is larger, chalky grain rate, chalkiness area chalkiness decreased transparency significantly lower ; alkali spreading value, gel consistency little change; amylose content ranged from 23.3% -24.7%, the difference was not significant, the proteins ranged from 11.7% to 12.4%, the difference was not significant. Mass index increased, but the Ministry of standard grade low as 5 or 6. Appearance of quality in the process of the evolution of the early indica rice varieties, processing quality toward the evolution of the fine direction, but the nutritional quality of the cooking and eating quality improvement effect is not obvious. With the improved varieties, modern varieties of excellent ultra Naifei capacity enhancement, the more high fertilizer conditions, the more it can play its yield potential, to achieve high yield; varieties evolved gradually increased N uptake of the whole rice growth, excellent, modern allocated more nitrogen absorbed super varieties in grain; improved varieties are the the rice nitrogen dry matter productivity and nitrogen paddy growth rate in the case of nitrogen fertilizer or no nitrogen, nitrogen fertilizer situation under more obvious; the improved varieties obvious the rice agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, the physiological utilization and partial factor productivity, failed to significantly improve the absorption and utilization.

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