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Mutation breeding is an important way of sweet potato breeding. Chemical mutagenesis easy to use, specific mutagenesis easier for future generations stable. However, chemical mutagenesis of sweet potato breeding theory and technology lags far behind in the study of radiation breeding times colchicine mutagenesis sweet potato chromosome mutation has not been reported, has important theoretical and practical significance. In this study, colchicine and dimethyl sulfoxide as a mutagen, explore the best sweet potato seed processing time and incubation temperature; mutant identification and selection methods; following results were obtained: (1) with 0.05% colchicine (C22H25O6) and mixed aqueous solution of 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Qin potato, sweet potato seeds, respectively 12, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation temperature of 5 ° C to 6 ° C, 10 ° C ~ 12 ℃, 15 ℃ ~ 16 ℃, 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ and 30 ℃. The results showed that the mixed aqueous batch treatment with a 0.05% colchicine and 2% DMSO Sweet Potato seed 24h culture temperature is 15 ~ 16 ° C obtained when good mutagenic effect. Cytology were compared treatment and future generations, not found in chromosome number variation, but heritable short vine variation, thus breeding high-yield, high-starch, high-protein, high-speed rail, high zinc Short Man Sweet Potato Short Man on the 3rd . (2) provide a theoretical basis for mutant production factors select, use, Qinshu progeny seedlings as test material, the number of branches of sweet potato (x1), the longest vine length (x2), total length of branches ( x3), internode length (x4), Man coarse (x5), leaf area (x6), green leaves per plant (x7), vine leaves (x8), potato per plant (x9), single potato (x10 ), root to shoot ratio (x11), and yield per plant (y) 12 quantitative traits were measured. Correlation analysis, stepwise regression and path analysis showed that green leaves per plant heavy influence on the yield, the large number of potato per plant and single tuber weight yield per plant. Yield breeding yield per plant mainly select the target weight of green leaves per plant, number of potato per plant and single potato choice, combined with the root to shoot ratio, number of branches, leaf area and vine rough these seven Characters comprehensive consideration and selection. (3) Short Man 3 new varieties of characteristics: small leaves, triangular in shape, dark green leaves with purple halo, petiole, veins purple; short vine, vine length 85.9 ~ 104cm section about 3cm; tubers round oval, high potato, potato skins purple, flesh white; tuber sprouting, early emergence, seedlings large, drought resistance, tuber early concentration; resistance to stem nematode, more resistance to black spot ; yield, high quality, yield more than 35% compared with the control Lu election, the starch content of 26.2%, 9.46% protein, comprehensive adaptability.
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