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Energy Supply Through Volume Conduction and Simulation of Implantable Devices

Author: WuMingPeng
Tutor: TangZhiDe
School: Chongqing University
Course: Electrical Engineering
Keywords: Volume conduction Implanted electrical Electromagnetic Fields Energy transfer Electricity supply
CLC: TH772.2
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 57
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Currently, the public one of the technical problems of the various types of implantable medical electronic devices is how to effectively provide enough power to maintain its long-term, stable and reliable operation, to achieve its intended function. Implanted medical electronic devices possible power supply scheme, but only battery-powered magnetic induction power supply technology to get a wide range of clinical applications. The battery-powered implantable medical electronic devices, due to limited battery capacity, resulting in its relatively short life. The magnetic induction coupling technique but because the organisms present in a large number of ionic body fluids, and its conduction effect of the magnetic induction coupling efficiency is low, and also to produce a radio frequency interference on the surrounding equipment. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the magnetic induction technology and to extend the service life of implantable medical electronic devices, scholars made the body conductive characteristics of the biological tissue in vitro electrical energy across the skin to pass into the body of implantable medical electronic device or the rechargeable battery conductive energy transfer technology. The technique is through the electrode close to the in vitro skin ionic body fluids as the carrier of the conduction current use of the biological tissue, the energy of the excitation power in vitro delivery to a pair of electrodes in the body, thereby to implantable medical electronic devices directly for energy or The rechargeable battery to charge. The electrode skin cell electrode design and electrode skin impedance distribution is the key technologies that affect system performance, scholars use the technology circuit theory and electromagnetic field analysis method to establish the mathematical model of the system, and scholars use fresh pigskin as the experimental materials verified its feasibility, but the energy transfer technology not yet have an effective electrode design and optimization of the electrode skin impedance allocated. On the basis of the body at home and abroad conductive energy transfer technology, or more the body electrically conductive energy transfer technology system established on the basis of the equivalent circuit model, the mathematical model of the system, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of implantable medical electronic devices energy transfer performance factors, play a guiding role for the electromagnetic field calculation and simulation. Article on electromagnetic finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics construct conductive energy delivery system model, the use of the electromagnetic field numerical methods accurate Computing system, verify circuit theory analysis conclusions. Establish system optimization program to optimize the research unit on the shape and layout of the electrode and the electrode skin impedance allocated to achieve the use of the body conductive characteristics of biological tissue through the power coupling across the skin to the in vitro electrical energy delivered to the implanted medical electronic a rechargeable battery of the device above. Taking into account the electrode polarization and ionic conduction current characteristics, the the body conductive energy transfer excitation power AC square wave power. The main topic was the following aspects: (1) analysis of body conductive energy transfer system skin unit and its battery, the conductive properties of the electrode unit. Analysis of human security charge current conditions, to guarantee the safety of the human body. ② According to the conductive characteristics of the biological tissue, the body of conductive energy transfer system is equivalent to a lumped equivalent circuit. The method of using circuit theory to establish the mathematical model of the system, to analyze the transmission performance of the system. Create a system of three-dimensional finite element model of electromagnetic field numerical calculation and finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics precise calculation solving verify the theoretical analysis of the conclusions. ③ Research conductive energy transfer system excitation power technology. Conductive characteristics of biological organization has close links with the frequency of the excitation power is applied on the model of the outer electrode on a different power frequency and amplitude, computing systems passing current, the current transfer efficiency and energy transfer efficiency, select the appropriate excitation power improve the system's energy transfer characteristics. The ④ designed different shape of the electrode, and to study the impact of different electrode shapes system energy transfer characteristics. Aiming asymmetric electrode design three different shapes of the electrodes, i.e. circular electrode, a rectangular electrode, and a sector electrode. (5) to optimize the allocation of electrode skin impedance of the unit. Allocated through changes in the cross-sectional area of ??the model electrode and the horizontal distance between the electrodes, the impedance of the electrode unit of the skin, to calculate body conductive energy transfer in the system inside and outside the skin cell transfer current, and the current transmission efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency. Analysis summarizes the system electrodes skin unit impedance allocation optimization method. ⑥ establish system optimization, and optimization program to re-establish the finite element model of the system, to verify the validity of the optimization program. According to the simulation results: in the case of current guarantee human security, re-optimize the model's current transfer efficiency up to 67.7%, the energy transfer efficiency up to 7.3% (much larger than the core electromagnetic induction energy transfer efficiency). Operating frequency 5kHz, in vitro and in vivo transfer current I1, I2 2.3mA and 1.5mA current perception valve did not exceed human 5kHz. By theory and simulation analysis to verify the optimization of the system using the proposed scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of energy transfer.

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