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Melon (Cucumis melon L) is one of the top ten fruits in the world. It is well planted in china,Japan,Spain,Italy,America,Russia and Iran. China has been the first melon production country all over the world, both in area and yield.This experiment with different kinds of melons as materials, studied the photosynthetic characteristics of different varieties, nodes, growth and development stages, numbers of fruits, cultivation patterns, cultural seasons, also did the weight of single fruit and quality studies. The main results were summarizes as follows:There was a bimodal curve of diurnal variation in net leave photosynthetic rate in all varieties. The first peak showed at about 11:00 a.m., while the second at about 14: 00 p.m., and the value of the second peak was lower than the first. After pollination there was a steady increase in net photosynthetic rate and it reached its maximum in 27th day and declined afterward. Significant differences existed in leave photosynthetic rate of the four varieties. There were significant effects of fruit-setting positions on net photosynthetic rates, and the higher the fruit-setting nodes, the lower the leave photosynthetic rates. The number of fruits per plant affected leaf photosynthetic rates. The net photosynthetic rates of plants with no fruit were lower than those with one or two fruits, and the rates of those with two fruits were slightly lower than those with one fruit. Both the positions of fruit-setting nodes and the number of fruits per plant influenced the average fruit weight, yields of each plant and contents of fruit total soluble solids. As to the four varieties, the higher the fruit-setting nodes, the lower the contents of fruit total soluble solids and the average fruit weight. And the values of the two traits were both lower in plants with two fruits than those with one fruit. According to studies above, the best fruit-setting positions of muskmelon is 11-13th node and it is better to remain only one fruit in one plant.Cultivation patterns of melon also affected the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit yield and quality. During the vegetative growth stag, the plant with vigorous growth, the larger area of the largest leaves, early blooming, higher leaf photosynthetic rate under crawling cultivation mode, while which was opposite under tied tendril mode. During the reproductive stage, especially in the fruit maturing stage, plant growth was more vigorous, photosynthetic rate was higher under ving tying mode, in the middle of the fruit maturing, the leaves became senescence under climbing cultivation mode. Therefore the fall melon greenhouse cultivation, in order to ensure the quality of melon, cultivation methods should be selected ving tying mode.Compared with the spring planting melon, the plants planted in autumn had short vegetative period, early blooming, higher photosynthetic rate in vegetative stage, longer ripening time,.During the fruit maturing, the fall melons’peak of photosynthetic rate appeared in the 15th after pollination, while that of the spring melons appeared in the 27th. Under 1 fruit per plant, the contents of fruit total soluble solids of melon was higher planted in autumn than those planted in spring, but the fruit weight was lower than the latter.
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