|
Plant male-sterile is an important tool to utilize plant heterosis, having enormous value in seed production. The mechanism of male-sterile involves many aspects, and much research has been done in the whole world. This paper summarize from grape male-sterile behave and indentify, particularly introducing the characters of cytology and photosynthesis.1、Male sterility of grape cultivars ’2004-6-12’ (Wink seedling),’2004-2-30’ (Kyoho seedling) and Wink(CK) and their anther features were examined, the pollen viability、pollen shape and interior structure were investigated. The results indicated that the pollen viability of ’2004-6-12’ and ’2004-2-30’ were 0%, The pollen grain characteristics differed in ornamentation, especially in type of germinal aperture and shape,so ’2004-6-12’ and ’2004-2-30’ pollen grains were not colporate (having no germ furrows) and of approximately spheroidal from (2004-6-12:P/E=1.13±0.05,’2004-2-30’:1.12±0.04),and that of Wink was tricolporate and of prolate-type with P/E=2.11±0.08. The edges of cross-section in both 2004-6-12 and ’2004-2-30’ were glazed. Compared with Wink the pollen ornamentation of witch was foveolate, that of 2004-6-12 was reticulate and that of ’2004-2-30’ was cavernous.2, Male sterility of grape cultivars ’2004-6-12’ (Wink seedling),’2004-2-30’ (Kyoho seedling) and Wink(CK) and their anther features were examined. The results indicated that the cytological features of anther and microspore development in ’2004-6-12’,’2004-2-30’ and Wink were examined by a light microscope. Compared with Wink, the microspores of ’2004-6-12’ and ’2004-2-30’ were disintegrated mostly at the early mononuclear microspore stage; the anther of ’2004-6-12’ partly began to be abnormal at the meiosis stage, but the anther of ’2004-2-30’ was normal before the early mononuclear microspores stage. The disintegration of microspores of 2004-6-12’, ’2004-2-30’ were correlated with the earlier disintegration of tapetum.3、The male sterile newly-brede ’2004-6-12’ (Wink seedling) and Wink were taken as experimental materials and the soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in anther, as well as the POD、SOD activity were tested. The results showed that content of soluble protein and proline in ’2004-6-12’ (Wink seedling) was lower than Wink during flower development, the content of soluble sugar is lower than Wink before the late mononuclear stage, but it is higher than wink after binuclear stage which indicated that these indexes were closely related to the microspore development.. Meantime, the POD activity of ’2004-6-12’ (Wink seedling) was decreased and markedly lower than that of Wink, while the SOD activity showed the opposition way.4、Analysis of photosynthesis characteristics in ’2004-6-12’ and Wink, it compared at different developmental stages in the diurnal changes of photosynthetic and physiological parameters, comprising Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), Chlorophyll b(Chl.b), Chlorophyll (Chl.) net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). The result indicated that, the curve of diurnal changes of Pn presented two peak values, with one peak at 11:00 higher than the other at 15:00-And the phenomenon of photosynthetic midday-depression of leaf happened at noon. Accompanied by the decline of Gs, Ci and the raise Of Ls, Pn declined distinctly in midday, which means the limitation of Pn by stomatal factor. There has no significant difference in WUE values.
|