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The Comparative Studies about the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Two Butterfly Species Acraea Issoria (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and Calinaga Dauidis (Nymphalidae: Calinaginae)

Author: HuJing
Tutor: HaoJiaSheng
School: Anhui Normal University
Course: Zoology
Keywords: Acraea issoria Calinaga dauidis Heliconiinae phylogeny
CLC: Q963
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 78
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Abstract


Mainly because of its maternal inheritance, lack of recombination and an accelerated mutation rate compared to those of the nuclear DNA, the use of mtDNA has become popular in the studies of phylogenetics, comparative and evolutionary genomics, population genetics and molecular evolution. With the development of PCR and long PCR, sequencing and DNA amplification techniques, the complete mitochondrial genome analysis has become one of the key methods for the molecular systematics studies.The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Acraea issoria and Calinaga dauidis were sequenced and analyzed using the overlapped long PCR technology and the clone technology. The mitogenome of A. issoria and C. dauidis are circular molecule of 15,245 bp and 15,267 bp in size, respectively, and both consist of 13 protein coding genes (ATP6, ATP8, COI-III, ND1-6, ND4L, Cytb), 2 ribosomal RNA genes for the small and large subunits (srRNA and lrRNA), and 22 transfer RNA genes, and a putative control region (D-loop), additionally, the mitogenome of A. issoria has another tRNAIle(AUR)b gene in the control region. For A. issoria and C. dauidis, all the genes are arranged in the same order and orientation as the typical lepidopteran mitogenomes with no gene rearrangement or gene deletion. Except for COI, 12 out of 13 PCGs in A. issoria and C. dauidis use standard ATN start codons. COI gene generally has neither non-canonical initial codon nor complete stop codon, which uses TTG as its initial codon and terminates in a single T residue. All the tRNA genes of A. issoria and C. dauidis possess the complete clover leaf secondary structure, except that tRNASer(AGN) lacks DHU stem and forms a simple loop. There are some short repeat regions like microsatellite (e.g. (TA)n, polyA and polyT) scattered in the mitogenome of A. issoria and C. dauidis’s control region, however, the conspicuous macro-repeats units commonly found in other insect species are absent. In order to further clarify the taxonomic status and the phylogenetic position of the A. issoria and C. dauidis, two phylogenetic analyses were conducted as below: 1. the NJ and ML trees of the seven representative butterflies were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) and the maximum-likelihood (ML) methods based on the complete 13 protein coding gene sequence data available; 2. the NJ and the ML trees of the 23 representative nymphalid species were reconstructed using the same methods above mentioned based on the complete COI genes sequence data. The conclusions were drawn as follows: Acraea should be assigned to a tribal level (Acraeini) within the subfamily Heliconiinae; the Acraeini is closer related to the Heliconiini than Argynnini; Calinaginae is the sister group to Charaxinae.

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CLC: > Biological Sciences > Entomology > Insect genetics
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