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For the sake of consolidating the nascent state political power, dealing with underprivileged domestic economy, getting supports of the people, taking what reflects the will and interests of the people, Communist Party of China carried Land Reform which to cancel feudal ownership of land in the early age of founding of P.R.C. The Land Reform not only canceled feudal ownership of land and landlord classes, which making the billions of people being the owner of the land, but also bringing into play the enthusiasm of the laboring masses, ultimately expanding the productive forces, and all of these laid a good recovery and foundation of national economy.Xinjiang, located in the edge western of our country, was peaceful liberated in 1949.The Peace Liberation was Lead by Tao Zhiyue. He sent telegram and announced Peaceful Liberation of Xinjiang. However, after the Peaceful Liberation, social order was disrupted: hidden forces of reaction were struggling desperately, reactionaries of Kuomingtang were setting up the counterrevolution organization, and bandits’ activities were rampant, destroying the social order, threatening the lives of local people. They also destroyed reduction of rent and interest rate then and production and construction. In this context, Xinjiang which after the Peaceful Liberation built the People’s democratic Political Power, bringing up the national minorities government cadre, breaking up bandits and putting down rebellions, which creating a safety social environment. According to the spirit coming from Central Committee of the Party and Northwest Bureau, Xinjiang made a range of important decisions, spreading the reducing rent and struggling against hegemony, which are the basis of Land Reform.For as much as historical of Xinjiang Province, for example, social character and social character, that famers’were lack of political sensitivity, and Xinjiang was lack of local cadres experienced. There have serious religious perspective, Land Reform of Xinjiang was not go well at the beginning. After the study in a deep-going survey and announced, two hundreds eighty-eight villages were trying to reform in Sep.15th 1952 in Xinjiang, and finally end in the late January. Since January 1953, in three months, five hundreds forties-three villages were carrying on the second stage Land Reform. Since the end of April to the end of July in 1953, five hundreds forty-three villages were carrying on the third stage Land Reform. In this stage, because of during the busy farming season, the work was stopped, the cadres took in manual labor, and after the farming season, Land Reform was going on then. In the forth state, since March to the end of November 1953, the rest of villages were completed the work. Since September, Xinjiang Province began to countercheck work of Land Reform at the same time. Land Reform of Xinjiang generally came through five stages: explaining the policies of P.R.C, aroused and organized the masses to action, to marked off the class status, confiscated the land and property, and distributed, established and strengthened the all organizations of villages.It is the only time Land Reform in history of Xinjiang, and it is also one part of the National Land Reform.In this paper, Land Reform of Xinjiang is the object of study, it is mainly combs the historical process. Because of the especially characteristics, such as nationalities, Religious Culture, and the complex historical conditions, compared with the national Land Reform, that Xinjiang has some different characters. By surveying the whole history of the Land Reform of Xinjiang, the achievements are no doubt. The farmers got the land through the Land Reform, living conditions were improved, and it is made the land system rational, and canceled the land lord classes, Unity of Nationalities was enhanced, our cadres were improved. However, based on the causes of the subjective and objective conditions, the Land Reform of Xinjiang also had some weaknesses.
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