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Cerium nitrate was used as a catalyst for nitration of benzene synthesis of nitrobenzene.The results show that it can cleanly catalyze the synthetic reaction under mild conditions. The effect of various reaction conditions on the reaction was investigated and the optimal operational conditions for the system were obtained: reaction temperature 70℃, time 5h, the amount of benzene was 3 ml, acetic acid was 20 ml, hydrogen peroxide 10 ml, and amount of the catalyst 2.0 g. The reaction conversion of benzene 23.7% was achieved; the selectivity of above was 85.7% under the optimal conditions. However, the catalyst can be reused for about three times.Metal chloride ionic liquids based on Sulfonated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and triethylene ammonium cations, such as BSmim-MClx (M=Fe, Cu, Sn and Zn; x= 2,3) Ferrate chloride ionic liquid proved to be an effective catalyst in satisfying exhibition. The results showed that this type of ionic liquids was effective catalyst, which could catalyze direct hydroxylation of benzene effectively under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the new catalytic technology are easy-clean, convenient and rapid, and easy in isolating the products. The effect of various reaction conditions on the reaction was investigated and the optimal operational conditions for the system were obtained:reaction temperature 50℃, time 8 h, the amount of benzene, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide are 0.5 ml,15 ml,10 ml, and amount of the catalyst 1.0 g. The reaction conversion of benzene 38.9% was achieved; the selectivity of above was 90.4 % under the optimal conditions. However, the catalyst can be reused for about three times.
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