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For a long time, because people in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area sided pursuit of increasing food production and deforestation, resulting in a high proportion of steep sloping area with low forest cover, soil erosion is serious, significant degradation of ecosystems. With the completion of construction of the Three Gorges Project, immigration, and economic wealth-building needs, the reservoir area of human activity continued interference with land-use way, affect the regional ecological environment change. In view of this, the paper Fengjie County Cottage River Basin as a study area, combining landscape ecology and restoration ecology theory and methods in the cottage River Basin in 1990, 2000 and 2007 three remote sensing image based on the use of 3S Technology the watershed landscape pattern change characteristics were analyzed. In combination with other relevant information, in mastering their ecosystems on the basis of the overall status of coercion, respectively, from the sloping land, soil erosion and the Three Gorges Project Construction three aspects to analyze Cottage River watershed ecosystem stress characteristics, and finally against the ecological restoration of watershed . In this study, the main contents and results are: (a) long-term effects due to human activities and to change the way people use the land, Cottage River Basin during 1990-2007, the landscape has undergone major changes. Mainly for the total area of arable land decreased the proportion of 21.26 percent, garden, shrub grassland and woodland area to the total area ratio increased by 3.51,12.26 and 4.60 percentage points; dominant shrub grassland landscape shift from arable land . (2) during the period 1990-2007, Cottage River basin sloping land area from 16 356.40 hm ~ 2 drops to 8 038.62hm ~ 2; slope gt; 25 ° steep slopes cultivated area from 4 692.65 hm ~ 2 is reduced to 1 663.19 hm ~ 2, the share of arable land slope proportional reduction of 8 percentage points; slope of 15 ° ~ 25 °, 8 ° ~ 15 ° and lt; 8 ° of the cultivated area respectively, by 6 449.33 hm ~ 2 is reduced to 3 221.88 hm ~ 2, 4 061.29hm ~ 2 is reduced to 2 341.65 hm ~ 2 and 1 153.13 hm ~ 2 was reduced to 811.9 hm ~ 2, but the share of arable land slope ratio increased by 0.65,4.30 and 3.05 percentage points. Over the past decade the Grain for Green policy had some success, slope gt; 25 ° steep slope farmland area decreased by 227.06 hm ~ 2, but the economic development of the basin is relatively backward, less arable land, not the slope gt; 25 ° or more areas farming is difficult to achieve, which is caused by soil erosion in the basin of the main human factors. River Cottage Modern (short-term) average slope erosion modulus 7 902t/km2.a, erosion has reached a level of intensity, soil erosion situation is very grim future, soil and water conservation task more arduous. (3) River Cottage fluctuating zone area 346.23hm ~ 2, accounting for 0.87% of the total watershed area, including construction land area of 23.67hm ~ 2, arable 251.28hm ~ 2, garden 44.63hm ~ 2, Shrubland 10.76 hm ~ 2. Arable land inundated largest, accounting for 53.25% of inundated area, and these lands are mostly fertile land. Reduction of arable land, after immigration by land development intensity is bound to increase, further exacerbating the contradiction between people and land basin. (4) for the River Cottage sloping land degradation caused by the key factor, and its restoration and reconstruction measures from engineering measures, farming agronomic measures and biological measures three aspects.
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