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Cooperation and Conflict in Asymmetry: Eritrea and Ethiopia

Author: RuiMu（Tekeste
Tutor: LiuDeBin；XianMingZhi
School: Jilin University
Course: International political
Keywords: Eritrea Ethiopia Asymmetric Acknowledge Strong party Weak party
CLC: D815
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 55
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Abstract

The Chapter This article focuses on the use of innovative contributions in the field of international relations has a distinguished scholar Bradley Womack asymmetric theory study. This paper argues that through the use of the asymmetric theory assumptions provisions method can better understand the conflict between the countries of the Horn of Africa. Between Eritrea and Ethiopia misconceptions structure to promote mutual cooperation and conflict. Chapter as a foothold to a different school of international relations perspective, a literature review of the scholars of all parties in the debate on the conflict in Eritrea and Ethiopia. There are many different opinions about the the bilateral major source of conflict, scholars. Some scholars believe that the focus of the conflict for economic reasons, some scholars advocate the Eritrean government itself issuance of the conflict on the decision of the currency and the economic and trade issues is a source of conflict between the two countries. Some scholars believe that the main reason for the two parties in the course of the struggle for regional hegemony and regional management in an attempt to affect the region's political desire to undermine the order of the region, constitutes a conflict. Ethiopia and Eritrea border conflict as the subject of my master's degree thesis is determined by the following two important reasons. The first important reason-based learning courses on international relations theory and curiosity led me to thinking \The second important reason is that I live in a world of perpetual conflict label affixed. My country, the conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia from twelve years ago continues to this day. Different viewpoints and debate are dedicated to the interpretation of this question, but what kind of reading in my opinion is not convincing enough to explain why and friendly neighbors will choose between the cut and thrust of the way to solve the problem. This study focused on two issues. First, what is the reason of the war in Eritrea and Ethiopia; Second, why the peace process has not yet entered a normalization. This article is dedicated to the analysis and answer these two questions. This study period position since May 1998. If you do not understand, however, occurred in what is happening now is difficult to understand. Therefore, the combing of the historical relations between the two peoples and the leaders will be conducive to our understanding of the reality of the crisis. This paper studies the challenge from me that they are citizens of one of the warring between the two countries. I have my own understanding of the experience of war, and this experience will already created my cognitive biases. I have done my best to research and a conclusion in accordance with the theoretical principles rather than personal bias. Limited this study is that the research data sources and the Internet and research the books and papers of the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict issues on the basis of secondary data. Of course, the bilateral official first-hand data and interviews for this article is very beneficial, and the availability of the official website of the two governments and political parties to make up for this shortcoming. The goal of this study is to explore the framework of cooperation and conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia asymmetric relationship. Therefore, this paper mainly adopted a qualitative analysis rather than quantitative analysis of survey research methods. The second chapter in the second chapter, we focused on the documentation of cooperation and conflict. Cooperation and conflict, scholars are diverse perspectives and views. Realists believe that the historical legacy of factors led some countries in the international system more powerful reason why vulnerable countries are relatively fragile, is caused by history rather than their choice. Realist interpretation of international system only emphasizes the power and the lack of cooperation in the ongoing competition to survive. Strengthened through more efficient organization and ability to govern, the lack of such a strong ability to govern the country often have become strong potential and possible. Some scholars emphasize the issue of the international system is the coexistence coexistence of equality and mutual benefit. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, this superpower after the Cold War, the powerful United States as the sole superpower, a long period of hegemonic dominance. But if one day suddenly powers fading the liberal institutionalism do not have to worry about. International institutions or the international system can handle these relationships between countries. International agencies have developed a mechanism, through the realization of a long-term compromise between countries, and signed a contract at the same time to ensure cooperation between each other. Because of this cooperation is a long-term, a number of cooperation, and therefore any country you want to grab the best interests of fair single subject to due process in the operation of this mechanism. The democratic peace commentators have suggested that there is a direct relationship between the country's form of government and international cooperation. According to their research, the war between democratic countries almost never happens. If they decide to put the use of force to resolve the problem, it must be waged against authoritarian governments. Democratic country if you want to put into the war, the leader of a country must be strenuous tongue to persuade the Parliament, the legislature, as well as interest groups just can war for democratic countries, too costly. The authoritarian government, the democratic government to be responsible for their decision. Human rationalism scientists emphasized the rationality of the school of rationalist theory. By borrowing from the economics point of view, especially in the investment rate of return in microeconomics, expected utility theory, the rationalists that major decisions are made by the optimal choice decisions, politicians tend to make those who do not bring them into the choice of conflict for too long. Chapter III of this chapter an overview is given of the main research paradigm of asymmetric theory. In the various regions of the world, the international system has been widely recognized as a Darwinian survival of the fittest, survival of the fittest international buffet system. However, if we look at those countries of the Horn of Africa: the effect of the small population of Djibouti, the low capacity of political behavior also has regional influence in Kenya, and has the largest population and territorial size, can be used in the normal way of its diplomatic and Ethiopian military capabilities of regional powers. Which country dares to invade a small country neighbors, or did not dare risk the devastating consequences of what a small country danger to openly challenge the big country. So far, realist scholars predicted different countries rely on the power of several small or medium-sized survival. The most realism research paradigm hypothesis on the actual results often its initial prophecy goes against the leaders and consultants with how attractive way to sell their war concept. Today, no country can only have the power to grab everything it wants. Is in the interests of the definition of other variables exist. Interests defined as the rights are universally applicable but its meaning is variable, as Bradley Womack repeatedly emphasized the powerful China will not take risks to control the surrounding country. Asymmetric theory in international relations theory revolves around the premise is that in many countries, because of its own territory, population, technology or economic development level, while with the other neighboring countries on the status of non-symmetrical. According to Womack's a normal asymmetric relationship is built on the basis of reciprocity, but bilateral shoulder different commitments. Big country party must recognize the autonomy of the party of the small country. The presence of large asymmetric does not constitute the major powers on the arrogant attitude of the small country and its imposed intervention qualifications. Non-symmetrical smaller party must recognize its own powers party has indeed the power gap. \Power on the relationship between the problems in dealing with weak countries to negotiate and compromise than might be much more effective. Trying to create a tiered system, always in the strong interests generally will reach a minimum of resistance by the powerful and threats. If you try to create a powerful interests to suppress the interests of small countries tiered system, then the system will have been violent threats and boycotts. Chapter 3 reviews the history of relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and accurate description of the cause of the current conflict and deadlock (starting point). Persistent and cataclysmic destruction of Eritrea and Ethiopia's bilateral relationship. Massif Central region of the northern region of contemporary Ethiopia and Eritrea have experienced a common history, but these historical Eritrea is unpleasant. When Eritrea became a colony of Italy in 1890, the historic relationship between the two countries officially changed. In Eritrea in 1941 the British defeated the Italians, and promised to give Eritrea completely independent. However, the national interests of the allies to make this commitment to naught. Manipulated by the U.S., the 1952 United Nations General Assembly decided to Eritrea and Ethiopia into a federal. Later Ethiopia, with its overwhelming military force defeated Eritrea unilaterally repeal federal, and in 1962, Eritrea became a province of its own. In September 1961, Eritrea began fighting for independence by force. Ethiopian central government to impose tyranny, its domestic Eritreans same resulting in Tigray opposition military group. In order to overthrow the current regime of Ethiopia and Eritrea's independence, Eritrea and Tigray liberation movement toward joint. Bilateral relations may be continued in such a difficult and time period when both sides missed some opportunities, but the relationship continued until 1998, due to the common interests of both sides to make changes. The main point of this chapter, the use of non-symmetric theory to analyze intermittent relationship between the two sides. Asymmetric relationship between Eritrea and Ethiopia has witnessed a change in the balance of power between the parties. By examining the relationship between the two countries, we can be sure that the advantage in the balance of power in Ethiopia. Ethiopia's land area of ??1,104,300 square kilometers, and Eritrea is only 117,600 square kilometers. Eritrea has a population of 5.1 million, while its rival Ethiopia 8250 people. Ethiopian and Eritrean population ratio is 16.2:1, the the territorial area ratio is 9.4:1. Eritrea long-term resident in Ethiopia's colonial status, a very natural result is that more than 70% of foreign trade should be attached to Ethiopia, while Ethiopia has diversified trade partners. Simple data even if Ethiopia to become a strong party in the bilateral relations. As a more powerful country, Ethiopia, Eritrea to submit to its rule, to recognize the autonomy of Eritrea Ethiopia will return. Serve the history of practical things far to get rid of the rule of the military government in Ethiopia. Since 1991 in charge of the Ethiopian regime, through the use of the economic resources of the country, the Tigray People's Liberation Front is growing stronger. The Tigray People's Liberation Front has been to test the strength of Eritrea with its increasingly powerful force. To make Eritrea succumb, Ethiopia recurring to take such action, the Government of Eritrea precisely unwilling to recognize the rule of Ethiopia. Eritrean people, which is a deadly threat, this threat must be to deal with organized resistance. As the weaker party in the asymmetric relationship, Eritrea use all resources can be redeployed to mobilize all of its people to defend their autonomy. Stronger side, Ethiopia, did not feel a serious threat, but it learned about it the weakest opponent. Chapter asymmetric theory can be used to study the state-to-state relations in the friendly, hostile or stalemate. The relationship between many countries are asymmetric. Asymmetric theoretical contributions to the field of international relations, is the ability to not only vigorously unity of those who occupy the small and medium-sized member states of the United Nations more than 90 percent of seats, to study is to provide a small but dominant in international relations National opportunities. Makes the meager resources that applied to the promotion of national development history of the battle between the two governments of Eritrea and Ethiopia, have been used to expand their military strength strength is relatively small national sovereignty be respected, and only be in its requirements guaranteed under the premise, the impasse can only be broken. The Ethiopians in turn demanded that Eritrea aware of the strength of the non-symmetrical, it seems that Ethiopia will maintain the deadlock until resistance El Eritrea abandon. Deadlock weak countries will be greater than the power. Stalemate both sides put forward effective proposals and hope that both sides understand each of the current status, and make joint efforts to break the deadlock. Maintain the deadlock the enormous costs of weak countries, even involving national survival, stronger Ethiopia, should be made aware of the strength of Eritrea asymmetric. Subsequent dialogue can further ease the tensions, both gradually into the normal asymmetric relationship.

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