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Located in Liaoning Province of 4 dybowskii populations genetic diversity using RAPD molecular markers, to study, to reveal the the Liaoning Province dybowskii level of genetic diversity, genetic variation and genetic structure, explore dybowskii populations genetic differentiation between the extent of its habitat, and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of the resources of dybowskii. Bohai Rim distribution of Rana mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, using a variety of methods to analyze their phylogenetic relationships, to explore the region Rana animals phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary mechanisms to from the perspective of molecular biogeography help explore geographical formation and changes in the Bohai Sea. The from in Huanren, Fushun, Benxi and Fuxin collected four natural populations dybowskii by RAPD molecular markers to study the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the Northeast Rana. The analysis of allele frequencies between populations, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPL), gene diversity (h), the genetic parameters of genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) and Shannon diversity index, with the non-weighted average method of constructing phylogenetic trees, and through the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to investigate the distribution pattern of genetic variation in the different strata of the individual, population and geographic area. The results are as follows: (1) from 23 random primers screened nine good repeatability, high polymorphism primers, 110 dybowskii sample genomic DNA was amplified by each primer out 7-13 obvious fragments were detected in 95 bands, all exhibit polymorphism, polymorphism percentage of 100%. Shnnaon diversity index (I = 0.1596) and Nei gene diversity (h = 0.0821) the dybowskii degree of genetic variation is relatively low, the relative lack of genetic diversity. Was the most rich the Huanren region, Shannon diversity index is only 0.2337, 0.1341 gene diversity index. (2) four geographic populations of genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst = 0.0231) lower each generation migration between groups (Nm = 9.0219), more gene flow among populations between the groups, no significant genetic differentiation. Measure of genetic diversity within population genetic diversity (Hs = 0.0753) in the total gene diversity (Ht = 0.0771) in the proportion of 97%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results, the genetic variation within populations (Fst = .1210). Analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the 30 samples of the six kinds Rana, combined the Zhenhai the Rana and Japan Rana homologous sequences have been published, and discussed the relationship between phylogenetic and biogeographic evolution of the Bohai Rim Rana group. Adjacent method (NJ), maximum parsimony method (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree. As the best evolutionary model for ML / BI method based on the Hierarchical Likelihood Ratio Tests (hLRT) of GTR. Come to the following findings and conclusions: (1) the establishment of phylogeny based on recommendations of the Heilongjiang Rana species group (FEI Liang et al, 2005), the Huanren Rana was placed under Chinese forest frog species group. (2) the Sorai Rana six 16S rRNA gene sequence shared one haplotype, combined with its adult morphological the tadpoles lip tooth findings can provide corroboration for their species validity. (3) based on phylogenetic analysis and to combine geology described in the literature, we believe that the Japanese Rana, Zhenhai of Rana and culai of Rana belong to the same clade, have a common ancestor.
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