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Good diet is not only the foundation of national socio-economic development, but also the target of social and economic development. Analysis and research of residents’dietary, and timely release the results, then make relevant policies based on these results, guiding people to a reasonable and healthy diet, which can play a part in health warning and implementing dietary intervention.Nowadays, with the development of economic, improved living standards, abundant material supply and the impacts of Western culture, the urban and rural residents’ dietary have a significant changes, and the intake of traditional food reduce, and animal food’ s consumption become large, especially pork. Then, the consumption of high-sugar, high-fat also increase gradually, which lead to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.Currently, the study of dietary and nutrition primarily focus on sampling methods in design and improvement, and then collate the survey data. The principle of this method is relatively simple, intuitive thinking, but the results largely depend on the number of the samples and the quality of survey data. In addition, if we always carry out such investigations, we should spend a huge of human, material and financial resources. Small area estimation methods can solve these problems in certain extent, it is full using of existing secondary, and then make a reasonable forecast, thus greatly improving accuracy.This paper describes the changes in dietary of China after the reform and opening up, and the problems that currently exist. Then, according to the development of small area estimation, this paper briefly introduces several methods in four phases. At last, we take Liaoning Province, Henan Province, Jiangsu Province for example, based on food, vegetables and livestock intake, then induce the residents’ dietary. Divide them into six small areas according the development of the economy, then select a method in each phase and compare these models, the results show that:in four phases, the hierarchical Bayesian estimation is more Robustness; the residents’dietary is decided by economic, and the different is significant.
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