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The Statement of Evolution in Textbooks in Modern China

Author: QiXu
Tutor: ChenYunZuo
School: Nanjing University
Course: Modern Chinese History
Keywords: Theory of evolution Textbook Late Qing and Republican Evolutionary knowledge narrative
CLC: G529
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 143
Quote: 0
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Abstract

The face of foreign aggression brought serious national crisis, Yan Fu With translation \This doctrine of common concern to scholars. On the publicity of this theory, the intellectuals have made a greater contribution to, but mainly rely on its broader popularity of the compilation of textbooks. When the end of the 19th century, the early 20th century, gradually becomes a mainstream evolutionary thinking, modern Chinese textbooks is also a corresponding increase in the evolution and popularization of scientific knowledge as well as the culture of patriotism primary and secondary school students in the worldview is formed by means of the theory of evolution. In fact, during this period the theory of evolution is not belong to the category of natural science, more penetration to the historical, social and humanities, to become part of the humanities and social science textbooks, social evolution, human evolution is generally talked about topic, and \However, the entry of the theory of evolution is a complicated process. Initially, the missionaries founded the modern schools through textbooks to bring Western science and technology, they are independent compilation of new textbooks, the theory of evolution is introduced to the people perspective. Later, people began to participate in the translation of foreign, especially Japanese textbooks, relatively rigid brief introduction to the theory of evolution. The ability for people to independently Textbook Reform period, the textbook theory of evolution is described in more diverse and profound. Not only the concept of evolution by natural science textbooks gradually penetrate to the humanities, and the theory of evolution and the other a doctrine constitutes the evolution of knowledge by the compilers of exposition to constantly improve the theory of evolution of knowledge. The outbreak of World War I led to a more rational thinking people emphasize the \What should Spencer's theory of evolution or Huxley's theory of evolution? Whether human society progress or regress? Said, and racial doctrine of eugenics various reflection and debate. Despite the controversies, contradictions, there has been some problems due to the sake of nationalism can not come to a satisfactory answer, but the theory of evolution in the process and constantly improve, mutualism and guide people to more rational to accept and think about the theory of evolution. This kind of thinking by the compilers of the ink also be reflected in the textbooks. Continual process of reflection and full of contradictions build the theory of evolution, on the one hand by the textbook channels Darwinism spread to the broader population, so that it is no longer the exclusive intellectuals discussed. Generation grew up in this atmosphere, he argued, along with the theory of evolution has not stopped the controversy, being added to the hot wave of thought in modern China, the evolution of the popularity of the concept and Communication for the people gradually accept the thinking of improved revolution and Marx The doctrine made the transition. This article attempts by examining primary and secondary school textbooks of the late Qing period, from the theory of evolution or simple or complicated the narrative, as well as the reflection and discussion of the theory of evolution and its associated doctrine, re-combing the textbook its codification of the Republic of China from the late Qing Dynasty to the theory of evolution Construction and process knowledge, to explore the the rising textbook theory of evolution for evolutionary view of the role played in this process, as well as their modern people have a clearer understanding, then even modern theory of evolution.

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