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The Effect and Mechanism of the Common Words and the Highlighted Principle to the Prototype Elicitation in Scientific Invention

Author: ZhuDan
Tutor: ZhangQingLin
School: Southwestern University
Course: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Keywords: Insight Prototype elicitation Common words Highlighted principle
CLC: G305
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 62
Quote: 2
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Abstract

Creative thinking is a decisive factor for human to exhibit their creativity and to make creative achievements. In a variety of creative research, insight problem-solving occupies a unique and important position. Insight can be seemed as the creative thinking of the experimental conditions. Many important scientific discoveries and innovative inventions were generated through the process of insight. Insight is an important area of creative problem-solving research, which has always been a hot topic in cognitive psychology research, and the cognitive mechanism of insight has not yet reached a consensus, and it is still controversial.This study used scientific inventive problems with a high ecological validity as materials and attempted to use a new experimental tool and research paradigm to reveal the cognitive mechanism of creative thinking in real life. Furtherly, the study try to explore the cognitive mechanism of creative problem-solving and develop a "prototype heuristic theory" related to the creative problem-solving in science. The research also try to help people To improve their ability of problem-solving and provide theoretical guidance to develop their innovative thinking.This study selected 40 inventive experimental problems from《The Material Library of Scientific Inventive Experimental Problems)) as materials, based on previous research. The "learning and testing" experimental paradigm of "10 prototype materials to learn—10 target questions to test" was used. The main purpose of the experiment is to investigate whether "the common words" and "the highlighted principle" will affect "the prototype elicitation effect" of scientific problem-solving process or not. This research consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 was a two levels for the single factor within-subjects design, and this facror was the staetment type of knowledge materials. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to test whether the highlighted principal information in the knowledge Materials (ie, "the key heuristic information" in the prototype materials) will affect "the prototype elicitation effect" of creative problem-solving process or not. Experiment 2 used a 2 (whether to highlight principle in the knowledge materials or not)×2 (whether the problem materials included the common words with the knowledge materials or not) two-factor within-subjects design, which was to explore whether "the common words" and "the highlighted principle" will affect "the prototype elicitation effect" of creative problem-solving process or not.The results were not fully testify our expectations. In this experimental conditions, the results were as follows:(1) Learning the cues of highlighted principle could promote participants to resolve the scientific problem-solving;(2) Scientific problems which include the common words with the prototype materials could interfer participants to resolve the scientific problem-solving.

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