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Constructing a new socialist countryside is a major historic mission in the process of China’s modernization, whether this aim will be achieved links closely with the rural environmental quality. With the reform and opening up going further, various aspects of countryside in Jiangsu province have changed tremendously. Nowadays, all rural constructions in Danyang county gradually enter the integration process of urban and rural areas. As economy develops rapidly, land resources, water resources and products in Danyang region have changed in varying degrees, which are mainly caused by the local agriculture, industry, transport and lives of residents.Since 1949, agriculture in Danyang county has developed greatly, and agricultural production has affected the local environment and ecology quietly. In the process of agricultural production, such as the realignment of farmland, the use of fertilizers, the control of pests and weeds, the reform of cropping system and the conservation of water and soil, all of which have had impact on the local environment and ecology. Large-scale realignment of farmlands has greatly changed landforms in Danyang county. With the crop yields increasing, it also caused soil erosion in a certain degree, and using of chemical fertilizers and pesticides exacerbated the environmental pollution in rural areas. Reform of cropping system has changed the original characters of water and soil in various regions, meanwhile, the conservation of soil and water also has been seriously taken, and water conservancy construction and greening work have made great progress, which contributes a lot to the rural environment and ecology.Rapid development of township enterprises in Danyang county brought great pressure on the rural environment and ecology. During the 1950s, township enterprises were fewer, distributing more loosely, which had slighter effect on the rural environment and ecology. With economic development, industrial development in all areas has improved greatly, which aggravated effect on the rural environment and ecology, especially, such industries as chemical, paper, leather and construction materials have polluted rural air and water resources seriously.With the development of rural economy in Danyang county, rural transport networks are improving perfectly there, however, environmental problems have become more and more obvious in rural areas. Complex transport systems in rural areas have encroached upon a large quantity of faming land resources, and prosperous transport markets have made all roads crowded with various vehicles, whose noise interferes with the production and lives of residents living near the roads, moreover, the exhaust has gradually worsened the air quality in rural areas.Since reform and opening up, the living standard and consuming level of residents in Danyang county have extremely improved, and some prosperous areas have caught up with those of cities, however, the improvement of living standard does not synchronize with that of environmental awareness, and pollution resulting from living garbage and sewage in rural areas has become a key factor which harms the rural environment and ecology.Change of the rural environment and ecology is a slow process, because of its widespread influence, improving and protecting the rural environment and ecology are quite difficult, which require every person concerned to exert themselves.
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