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Objective: To investigate the protective effect on children lung protection by using ambroxol during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: 40 patients aged 4-9, scheduled for ASD/VSD were randomly allocated into two groups. ambroxol 4.5mg /kg group （group M, n=20） ambroxol 4.5mg/kg in 50 ml of saline was injected before CPB, study group （group C, n=20） equal volume of injection normal saline was infused as the controls. Blood samples were taken after anesthesia （T1）, after drug gived 10 min （T2）, after CPB 5min （T3）, ICU 1h （T4）, ICU 2h （T5）, decannulation before （T6） .And accounting WBC and do arterial blood gas analysis, record peak, plat, VT, FiO2 from anesthesa machine or ventilator. Respiratory index （R） was evaluated T1, T4, T5 and T6. Pulmonary compliance （CL） was evaluated T1 and T5. Results: Groups C R on T4-T6 higher than T1 （P<0.05）, T4 of groups M were higher than T1 （P<0.05）, T4- T6 of groups M were lower than groups C （P<0.05）; T5 both of group were higher than T1 （P<0.01）, T5 of group M were lower than groups C （P<0.05）; WBC there were significant differences between group M-C （P<0.05）; Peak and Plat were significant difference between group M-C （P<0.05）. CL was no statistical difference in T1 and T5. Conclusion: Ambroxol has anti-inflammatory effect and protective effect on lung injury induced by CPB.
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