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Nosed bats (Hipposideros armiger) under small bat suborder (Microchiroptera) Hipposideridae (Hipposideridae) Hipposideridae genus (Hipposideros), mainly distributed in the south and southeast, has been the World Conservation Union IUCN (IUCN) threatened Species Red List as a low-risk (LR) types. In this study, between April to September 2008 in southern China and southeastern provinces, nine seven leaf-nosed bats inhabit the cave bats captured 65 female and 55 male bats and record sound waves. Pearson correlation analysis, stepwise linear regression analysis, Mantel test and fully nested ANOVA explored echolocation geographic differences and size, climate factors, geographic distance, the relationship between individuals, from a larger study on large geographical scales Hipposideridae Echolocation geographic differences, a clear variation of different geographical populations of sonic effects of different geographical populations of sonic reason for the difference, enriching Hipposideridae bat biology research base data type for in-depth understanding of constant frequency (CF) provide acoustic theoretical basis. Echolocation geographical differences and variation is a fundamental and Animal Ecology key areas for exploration and protection of species survival mechanism has important scientific significance. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Different populations of greater horseshoe bat echolocation calls are constant frequency - FM-type (CF-FM), has two harmonic energy is concentrated in the first harmonic, different populations of leaf-nosed bats have echolocation significant geographic differences in the populations of Hainan and the mainland population difference between the sound wave frequency was significantly greater than the mainland population difference between the frequency of the sound wave. 2 Use the Pearson correlation analysis of acoustic parameters and the shape parameter correlation analysis, female echolocation parameters Minimum Frequency and weight significant negative correlation (r = -0.95, P lt; 0.001), maximum frequency and body weight was significantly negatively correlated ( r = -0.78, P lt; 0.05); males acoustic wave frequency negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.883, P lt; 0.05), the minimum frequency and body weight was significantly negatively correlated (r = -0.993, P lt; 0.001), Maximum frequency significantly negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.797, P lt; 0.05), sound frequency largely by body weight, other acoustic parameters were not affected by the body. 3 stepwise linear regression analysis of acoustic parameters and average pressure, average temperature, average relative humidity, the amount of annual sunshine, the average annual wind speed, altitude, forest coverage analysis, the female population with an average peak frequency linear pressure correlation (y = 0.017 x 52.304, r2 = 0.854, P lt; 0.001); males acoustic wave frequency and wind significant linear correlation (y = 1.884 x 65.770, r2 = 0.821, P lt; 0.001), but will exclude Hainan analysis outside, the sound pressure wave frequency and average annual significant linear correlation (y = 0.014 x 55.295, r2 = 0.741, P lt; 0.05). 4 Establish echolocation geographic differences are not similar matrices (dissimilarity matrix), the use of Geographic Distance Matrix Generator software to calculate the geographical distance between the two populations and the establishment of geographic distance matrix using NTSYS pc 2.1 software for geographic distance matrix and geographic differences echolocation Moment Mantel test conducted the study area acoustic parameters and geographic distance is no correlation. 5 using fully nested analysis of variance, analysis of echolocation and geographic differences between individual differences within populations, peak frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency variation among populations greater variation within populations of individuals, indicating that these acoustic parameters geographic differences exist between populations , while the pulse duration, CF duration, FM duration, FM bandwidth and pulse interval variation between populations than individuals within the population changes, indicating that the difference is due to sonic geography individual differences within populations caused.
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