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Investigation of Nano Particles Catalyzed Chemiluminescence in the Pharmaceuticals Analysis

Author: MuMiao
Tutor: QiGuangCai
School: Yan'an University
Course: Analytical Chemistry
Keywords: Nanoparticles Chemiluminescence Cataluminescence Flow injection Pharmaceuticals analysis
CLC: O657.3
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 169
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Abstract


Chemiluminescence analysis has been great developed due to its attracting features including simple cheap optical systems requiring no light sources,high sensitivity, low detection limit, wide linear dynamic and inexpensive instruments. Up to now, the CL analysis has been applied in clinical, biological, environmental and pharmaceutical fields and is becoming one of the most powerful techniques for use in analytical chemistry. In past years, researches were mainly devoted to the molecular or ion chemiluminescence. Nano materials exhibit size quantum effect,small size effect,surface effect,macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and dielectric confinement effect that differ from both their bulk material and the individual atoms from which they comprised.With these unique properties , nanoparticles are particularly attractive in the applications of chemiluminescence（CL）. This method comes to the most important research subject , which has inlarged the practical of chemiluminescence application in phramatic,environmental and other departments and also has very important research significance.This dissertation comprises two parts, the first part is a review, which introduces the properties and preparing methods of nano materials, the principles of chemiluminescence, the application of nanoparticles participating the liquid and gas chemiluminescence in pharmaceuticals components and the purpose and significance of the paper. The second part is a research report. Combining the precious metal nanoparticles with flow injection chemiluminescence to set up the new chemiluminescence systems, suh as gold nanoparticles catalysed Luminol-H2O2, Luminol-AgNO3, Ce（IV）-Na2SO3 chemiluminescence reactions. The flow rate and experimental concentrations were optimized and the possible mechanism of the systems were also explored by the UV-spectrum ,fluorescence and CL spectrum. On basis of these CL phenomenones, new simple CL methods were developed to detect the content of the isoniazid, amitriptylin hydrochloride, methimazole, naproxen in pharamaceutical preparations and biological samples. Also, developed a new approach to the determination of acetone with cataluminescence （CTL） sensor using ZnO/WO3 as a probe. The main contents are outlined below:1. The gold nanoparticles colloid can intensively enhance the chemiluminesence （CL） of the Luminol-hydrogen peroxide system but that isoniazid inhibit these signals in alkaline solution. Based on the phenomenon, we proposes a new simple CL method to detect the contents of the isoniazid. Under the optimal experimental conditions, both a linear relationship of the isoniazid concentration and relative CL intensity and the detection limit was obtained in the range of 0.005～9.0 mg/L, 3.0μg/L （3σ）, respectively, and also obtained the RSD value 3.5% through 11 parallel experiments of 0.2 mg/L sample. This method was used in the determination of the isoniazid tablets, the result was in consistent with the standard method.2. Under basic condition, the gold nanoparticles（AuNPs） could enhance the chemiluminesence（CL） of the Luminol-silver nitrate system, and amitriptyline hydrochloride could greatly enhance the CL signals. On basis of this, a new simple CL method was developed to detect the content of the amitriptylin hydrochloride. The experimental conditions were optimized and the possible mechanism of the system was discussed. Under the optimal conditions , the relative CL intensity was linearly proportional to the amitriptyline hydrochloride concentration in the range of 3.0×10-9～3.0×10-7g/mL,with a detection limit of 2.11×10-9g/mL （S/N = 3）.The RSD （n=11） was 0.99% for 5.0×10-8 g/mL amitriptyline hydrochloride. The method was applied in the determination of the amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets, and the result was in consistent with the standard method.3. The method was based on the CL emitting reaction between Luminol and and silver nitrate in alkaline medium with gold nanoparticles（AuNPs） as the CL enhancer. Methimazole could further enhance the signal of the above CL system. A simple flow injection chemiluminescence procedure for the determination of methimazole （MMI）was proposed. Under the optimized experimental conditions, methimazole could be determined in a linear range from 1.0×10-9～1.0×10-6 g/mL with a detection limit of 3×10-10g/mL. The relative standard deviation of the proposed method was calculated as 1.2% from 11 repetitive injections of 1.0×10-8g/mL methimazole. In addition, the CL reaction mechanism of gold nanoparticles-Luminol-AgNO3 system was also explored by the UV-spectrum and CL spectrum. The proposed method provided an alternative strategy for the rapid determination of methimazole.4. A sensitive and simple flow-injection chemiluminescence （FI-CL） method, which was based on the CL intensity generated from gold nanoparticles catalyzed the redox reaction of Ce（IV）-Na2SO3 in vitriol medium, has been applied for the determination of naproxen. The linear range for the determination of naproxen was 1.0×10-10～1.0×10-6g/mL. The detection limit was 5.0×10-11g/mL（3σ） for naproxen with the recovery rate 99.6% (c=1.0×10-8g/mL). This method was successfully applied to determine the content of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.5. A rapid flow injection chemiluminescence method is described for the determination of naproxen, based on the chemiluminescence reaction with cerium（IV） and sodium sulfite in sulfuric acid medium. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the relative CL intensity was linearly related to the concentration of naproxen from 5.0×10-8 to 5.0×10-6g/mL（r=0.9996）. The detection limit of naproxen was 1.0×10-8g/mL（3σ）, with a relative standard deviation of 2.75% for 11 determinations of 5.0×10-7 g/mL naproxen. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical preparation .The possible mechanism of CL reaction was also discussed briefly.6. It was found that acetone has cataluminescence （CTL） phenomenon on the surface of ZnO/WO3. The luminescence characteristics and effect of different parameters, such as wavelength, temperature and flow rate were discussed with a prepared CL detection system.Based on this ,we designed a sensor to detect the acetone in human breath of diabetes. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of CL intensity versus concentration of acetone vapor is 10–2000 ppm, with the limit of detection of 5 ppm. The carbon dioxide,ammonia and water vapor have no obvious interference to the detection but for the ethanol. This sensor was evaluated continuously for 60h measurements of 500ppm gaseous acetone with a relative standard deviation of 3.57% for 26 determinations and a better life.

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CLC: > Mathematical sciences and chemical > Chemistry > Analytical Chemistry > Instrument analysis ( physics and physical chemistry ) > Photochemical analysis ( spectral analysis method)
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