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Appraisal of Alkali Tolerance Idioplasm of Maize at Seedling Stage and Analysis of Heredity of Partial Characters under Salt Stress

Author: CuiMeiYan
Tutor: GaoShuRen
School: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Course: Crop Genetics and Breeding
Keywords: Corn Alkali resistance Alkaline stress Identification Index Genetic parameters
CLC: S513.032
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 203
Quote: 2
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Abstract


Saline soil is a soil type are widely distributed on Earth. Currently, influenced by factors such as global climate change and population growth, soil salinization is becoming an increasingly serious environmental problems. Of saline soil contains salt, divided into sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium (Na 2 SO 4 ) and other neutral salt-based saline soil with sodium carbonate (Na 2 the CO 3 ) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) alkaline salt. alkaline earth. Wherein the alkaline salt of crop damage is far greater than the neutral salts. This is because the alkaline salt damage on crops in addition to the total osmotic stress and neutral salt, the ion toxicity, as well as high pH and significantly reduced mineral elements such. These stress factors, high pH is the most important, followed by ion toxicity, osmotic effect minimum. Corn as an important grain and forage crops, and industrial raw materials and pharmaceutical raw materials, its relatively high yield, poor salinity is a the sensitive salt moderate crop. In this study, by measuring different concentrations of Na 2 CO 3 (0 ~ 25mmol / L) Stress corn germination and seedling morphological indicators and growth of identification of maize germination and seedling stages alkali capacity, and through visits seedling stage of different inbred lines at different concentrations of Na 2 CO 3 Stress physiological responses to identify suitable maize seedlings The period alkali resistance screening Na 2 CO 3 solution concentration and identification of indicators. Alkali resistance germplasm resources evaluation in maize inbred lines on the basis of different origins, and then select the two early maturing maize inbred lines by measuring different concentrations of Na 2 CO morphological indicators and physiological and biochemical indicators of stress at seedling stage, to further explore the mechanism of corn salinity. In addition, some traits in maize genetic effects in salinity conditions. In various concentrations of Na 2 the CO 3 Stress, mainly corn germination stage: seed germination potential, germination rate is not affected, but the growth of shoots and roots was significantly inhibited Na 2 CO 3 solution concentration of 25mmol / L, buds and root growth inhibition maximum performance for germination, shoots stop growth; stop the growth of the seed is restored with distilled water, can not restore the growth of shoots and roots. At the seedling stage, plant height of maize inbred lines, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content and other physiological indicators with 2 the CO 3 increase in the concentration of the solution of Na reduce and in various concentrations, inbred lines reached a very significant difference. Initially identified of Na 2 CO 3 solution concentration 25mmol / L Miaoqing, plant height change rate of the fresh weight of the rate of change of the dry weight of the rate of change and the water content the rate of change as the corn seedling Alkali screening evaluation. In Na 2 the CO 3 solution concentration to 25mmol / L treatment conditions, based on the growth of the seedlings, plant height and rate of change of the fresh weight of the rate of change of the dry weight of the rate of change and the water content the rate of change of the 101 maize elite inbred lines alkali resistance identification results show that the the highly alkali inbred lines proportion of 16.83 to 17.82%, from 61.39 to 68.32% the proportion of alkali inbred lines, moderate resistance The alkali Inbred proportion of 9.90 to 15.84 percent, the alkali sensitive inbred lines proportion of 2.97 to 4.95%, the high alkali sensitive inbred lines proportion of from 0.99 to 1.98%. Determination of two early maturing maize inbred lines F244 and ZP291 seedling stage in the physiological and biochemical indices of different alkali concentrations of two maize inbred lines, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, water content, chlorophyll content and root activity with 2 the CO 3 increase in the concentration of the solution of Na decreased cell membrane permeability, Pro content with Na 2 CO 3 increased concentration of the solution is increased SOD activity with Na 2 CO 3 increase of solution concentration first increased and then decreased. Genetic analysis on the corn traits of SALT salinity conditions, there is a real difference between the genotype; corn plant height, plant dry weight and field maturity yield traits grain weight per plant, panicle length ear diameter, kernel weight and grain yield traits specific combining ability differences are extremely significant, general combining ability differences in ear diameter and grain yield was significant, and the remaining five indicators are not significant; each trait dominance variance than additive variance in the estimation of population genetic parameters, are small, and narrow-sense heritability. In the breeding of salinity inbred lines, selection of salt tolerance related traits should not be in the early generations in breeding of salinity hybrids, should focus on the choice of the specific combining ability.

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