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Preparation of Biodiesel by Using Solid Base Catalyst

Author: HanYi
Tutor: DengYu
School: Tianjin University of Science and Technology
Course: Applied Chemistry
Keywords: biodiesel transesterification microwave solid base catalyst soybean oil methanol
CLC: TE667
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2008
Downloads: 202
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Today, with the development of industry and transportation, more and more diesel is consumed. So people have met the air pollution problem caused by the diesel combustion and the problem caused by the absence of petroleum. Therefore, it’s imminent to find an alternative energy which is renewable and has more environmental benefits. Biodiesel is such a kind of fuel which is made from renewable vegetable oil and animal fat, and it can also reduce the air pollutant and the emission of CO2. Now biodiesel attracts the attention of many countries which dive into the research and preparation. Although the biodiesel’s development of China has just begun, the potentiality is great. There are varieties of technologies for biodiesel’s preparation, and some new technologies for biodiesel appear everyday.In this paper, KNO3/Al2O3 solid base catalyst was first prepared. The results show that the catalyst loaded KN03（mass fraction） of 35% on Al2O3, after being calcined at 700℃for 5 h, is the optimum catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by means of FTIR, XRD, and Hammett titration methods. The Al-O-K formed on the surface of Al2O3 by KNO3 dispersion, together with the K2O decomposed by KNO3 at high temperature, provided the active basic sites for the reaction. The influence of calcination temperature and loading amount of KNO3 on transesterification were researched. In this paper, the factors of microwave exit power, reaction time, catalyst mass fraction and mole ratio of methanol to soybean oil were studied for the transesterification in the presence of microwave. The transesterification using NaOH and KNO3/Al2O3 solid base catalyst in the presence of microwave were also optimized respectively. When the KNO3/Al2O3 solid base catalyst was employed as the catalyst, the optimized reaction parameters were: microwave exit power of 360 W, reaction time of 35 min, catalyst mass fraction of 6% and mole ratio of methanol to soybean oil of 13. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of soybean oil can reach 97.5 %. Compared with the method of conventional heating methods, the way using microwave irradiation and solid base catalyst is proved to be faster together with lower energy consumption.The biodiesel prepared had reached the American standards of ASTMPS 121-99.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Oil and gas industry > Oil, natural gas processing industry > Synthetic oil > Extraction of oil from other raw materials
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