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Wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) is kind of network which is made of a number of sensor nodes by self-organization, it can make people obtain accurate and reliable information at any time, any place and circumstances, it is a low-power, multi-function and low-cost Network, so has special application value and wide prospect, has been widely used in environmental monitoring, medical care, military reconnaissance and so on. But the nodes in wireless sensor networks are drived by tiny battery and the application environments of WSN are very complex, so the energy of sensor nodes is the most precious resource. Therefore, the primary purpose of the wireless sensor network routing algorithm is no longer to provide high quality of service, but how to efficiently use the energy of sensor nodes, so as to extend the network lifetime as possible, this problem is more outstanding in the large-scale network.This thesis is based on this background, selects the typical hierarchical routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks-LEACH algorithm as the research object, describes this algorithm in detail, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of it. On this basis, a improved algorithm of LEACH is proposed, which is called Partition Multi- Hop LEACH(LEACH-PM ,Partition Multi-Hop LEACH)algorithm, in order to adapt to the large-scale network, reduce the node communication range and network energy consumption, prolong the life cycle of the entire network. The main works are as follows:First, this paper describes the concept, structure, characteristics and application background of wireless sensor networks, analyzes the design requirements and performance indicators of routing algorithm for wireless sensor network, analysis and compared the typical saving-energy routing algorithm.Second, this paper chooses the LEACH algorithm as the research object, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of it, and proposes the improved algorithm-LEACH-PM as to expand the coverage of network, improve the energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime.Third, it compares the LEACH-PM algorithm with LEACH algorithm through the MATLAB simulated, analyzes and summarises the experimental results on the network lifetime, energy consumption two aspects of data. Experimental results show that, LEACH-PM algorithm can prolong the lifetime of the network, reduce the total network energy consumption.There are the summarization and expectation in the end of article, with the further works, it is expected to apply this algorithm in practice.
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