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The Effect of Exercise-induced Fatigue to Rats’ Learning and Memory in the Environment of Plateau

Author: QuChuanYong
Tutor: YangJinSheng
School: Lanzhou University
Course: Neurology
Keywords: Plateau Exercise-induced fatigue Learning Memory Morris water maze NR2B Apoptosis Hippocampus Ginsenoside Rd Learning and Memory Hippocampal ultrastructure
CLC: R87
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 124
Quote: 1
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Abstract


The first part of the plateau environment learning and memory ability of exercise-induced fatigue rats Objective: To investigate the plateau environment on exercise-induced fatigue (exercise-induced fatigue EIF) on learning and memory ability to change. Methods: Animal experiments treadmill establishment of rats with severe fatigue model. 32 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, Lanzhou quiet control group (LA), Lanzhou severe fatigue group (LZ), the Hoh Xil quiet control group (KA) and the Hoh Xil severe fatigue group (KZ). Hoh Xil Plateau rats by Lanzhou car directly introduced into the Hoh Xil, Qinghai plateau (4767m above sea level), Lanzhou group altitude (1500m) by Morris water maze water maze test of the rats in each group line to observe and record the rats to find and climb up the latency, swim away and swimming trajectory in the search space test rats were recorded in the 120s through the original deck plan the number of records of learning and memory in rats. Results: The incubation period of quiet control group and severe fatigue rats, the Hoh Xil plateau group respectively as: 54970.00 ± 15899.06ms, 81076.00 ± 19217.30ms, the and Lanzhou group were as follows: 45655.00 ± 23178.86ms, 59207.0 ± 18671.67ms, the Hoh Xil plateau group The rats were higher than the the Lanzhou rats (P lt; 0.05); quiet control group and severe fatigue rats swimming from the the Hoh Xil plateau group: 12.77 ± 3.30 m, 18.09 ± 3.76 m, Lanzhou group were : 11.73 ± 5.95 m, 15.20 ± 4.48 m, the Hoh Xil plateau rats is higher than the Lanzhou rats (P lt; 0.05), severe fatigue group most obvious difference (P lt; 0.01); quiet control group and severe fatigue group the number of rats through the original platform, the Hoh Xil Plateau group were 2.38 ± 0.92,0.88 ± 0.83, Lanzhou group were 4.50 ± 1.51,2.63 ± 1.30, Hoh Xil plateau group below the Lanzhou group (P lt; 0.01) Conclusion: The high altitude environment hypoxic exposure learning and memory in rats exercise-induced fatigue can to some extent reduce altitude hypoxia and severe fatigue can affect learning and memory of rats. The second part of the plateau environment on exercise-induced fatigue rat hippocampal NR2B expression and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons Objective: To observe the high altitude environment exercise-induced fatigue in rat hippocampal NR2B expression pattern of the detection of DNA in situ end labeling hippocampal CA1 neurons apoptosis. Methods: the animal experiments treadmill way to establish rat severe fatigue model, 32 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, Lanzhou quiet control group (LA), Lanzhou severe fatigue group (LZ), the Hoh Xil quiet control group (KA) and the Hoh Xil severe fatigue group (KZ). Hoh Xil Plateau rats by Lanzhou car directly introduced into the Hoh Xil, Qinghai Province plateau (4767m above sea level), expression of NR2B in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry, DNA in situ end labeling method to detect hippocampal CA1 neurons apoptosis. Results: 1, quiet control group and severe fatigue group number of positive cells in rat hippocampal NR2B, Hoh Xil plateau group were: 67.625 ± 7.308,49.25 ± 4.559, the Lanzhou group: 148.88 ± 7.809,120.50 ± 9.78, which Hoh Xil Plateau the group than Lanzhou group (P lt; 0.01), the Hoh Xil plateau group and the Lanzhou group compared to the NR2B number of positive cells after severe exercise-induced fatigue quiet control group was significantly lower (P lt; 0.01). 2, the number of apoptotic cells of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons of the quiet control group and severe fatigue group, the Hoh Xil plateau group were: 69.58 for ± 6.50,100.92 ± 6.98, Lanzhou group: 27.58 ± 2.89,32.00 ± 2.32, Hoh Xil Plateau group higher than the the Lanzhou group (P lt; 0.01), the the Hoh Xil plateau group and Lanzhou group internal comparison, the number of severe exercise-induced fatigue damage in hippocampal CA1 neurons of apoptotic cells was significantly higher (P lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The high altitude environment under hypoxic exposure exercise-induced fatigue hippocampal expression of NR2B can reduce and plateau environmental exposure to the next exercise-induced fatigue caused by the decline in learning and memory in rats may be related to reduced expression of NR2B in the hippocampus and hippocampal neurons withered dead. The third part of ginsenoside Rd on the plateau exercise-induced fatigue in rats learning and memory abilities and ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region Objective: To study in rats after exercise-induced fatigue in high altitude environment ultrastructural changes in learning and memory ability and hippocampal CA1 region; ultrastructural changes observed ginsenoside Rd intervention on the plateau exercise-induced fatigue in rats cognitive ability and hippocampal CA1 region. Methods: Animal experiments treadmill establishment of rats with severe fatigue model. The adult clean grade Wistar rats, Lanzhou car introduced directly into the Hoh Xil, Qinghai plateau (4767 m above sea level), were randomly divided into normal saline quiet control group (A), severe fatigue saline group (B), ginsenosides severe fatigue group (group C), etc. 3 group, n = 8, A group of normal feeding, do not exercise; sports fatigue group using treadmill exercise severe fatigue model; C group given intraperitoneal injection of ginseng soap glucoside Rd (2mg / kg), the A group and B group was given normal saline (2mg/kg), find and climb the platform for each group of rats underwent Morris water maze test rats in each group learning and memory ability to observe and record the animals incubation period, swim away and swimming trajectory space search test record number of rats 120s through the original platform plane; the hippocampus morphology changes with HE staining; observed by transmission electron microscopy hippocampal CA1 yuan AMD structural changes. Results: 1 PNT data analysis: three groups of rats escape latency increased with the number of training shortened B rats escape latency 81.076 + 19.217s, significantly longer than in group A (54.970 ± 15.899) s (P lt; 0.01) ; Group B compared with group A statistically significant. The C rats escape latency of 69.001 ± 18.178s, shorter than in group B (P lt; 0.05), group C compared with group B statistically significant. The SPT data analysis: The SPT Group A rat through the number of the original platform was 2.38 ± 0.92 times, significantly higher than the number of group B through the original platform (0.56 ± 0.24) (P lt; 0.01); C group Mouse across the platform area, to 0.88 ± 0.83 times higher than group B (P lt; 0.05). Tip severe fatigue damage in rats spatial learning and memory ginsenoside Rd can ease severe fatigue damage in rats caused by spatial learning and memory damage. HE staining light microscopy morphological changes in group A rat hippocampus tissue, cell morphology is normal neurons arranged in neat rows; group B rat hippocampus tissue edema around the cell gap widened, swelling of the cell body rounded, larger, cytoplasmic staining shallow, the hippocampal neurons loosely arranged, disorders, reduced contact with the surrounding neurons, some cell shrinkage; C rats hippocampal neuron cell body swelling and tissue edema in rats than in group B significantly improved. 3, electron microscopy ultrastructural changes: A group of hippocampal CA1 neuron cell structure under the electron microscope normal, basic integrity of the organelles in the cytoplasm, arranged in order, normal mitochondrial size and shape, but the relative reduction in the number of organelles, especially reduced mainly to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Group B in the hippocampal CA1 neurons, a high degree of swelling, the number of organelles significantly reduced and fragmented mitochondrial swelling and visible cristae and partial fusion disappear the phenomenon of neuronophagia, nuclei appeared pyknotic, peripheral vascular swelling. Mild pathological changes of group C, group B with respect to, the hippocampal CA1 neurons is still normal, the normal number of organelles, cells reduce swelling, organelle swelling relatively lighter, is still intact endothelial cells. Conclusion: learning and memory disorder caused by high altitude environment rats with severe exercise-induced fatigue ultrastructural changes with the hippocampus is closely related to the exercise-induced fatigue can cause severe rat hippocampal neuronal damage caused morphological changes of the hippocampus ; the ginsenoside Rd can improve the ultrastructure of hippocampus damage to learning and memory in rats.

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