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On the Westernization Movement and the Differences between the Meiji Restoeation

Author: FangZongZuo
Tutor: YuHaiJun
School: Yanbian University
Course: Specialized History
Keywords: Westernization Movement Westernization Meiji Restoration in Japan Old School Unequal treaty Reformists Colonial aggression Bakuhan system Modern China The seeds of capitalism Capitalist modernization Modernization comparison Shogunate system Landlord class reformers Li Hongzhang Feudal natural economy Civilized External aggression Sino-Japanese Military Feudal
CLC: K313
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 597
Quote: 1
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Abstract


In the late 19th century, the Chinese and Japanese colonial aggression by Western powers was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties, semi-colonial countries, which have emerged in the domestic turmoil and international threats. Westernization Movement' dissertation">Westernization Movement in China (1861-1895), and Japan's Meiji Restoration (1868-1894), in order to solve their respective countries of hardship and national crisis, China and Japan have launched a learning modern Western industrialized civilization achievements of modern reform movement However, China and Japan to open this Asian peoples, the pursuit of modern reform movement, there are many differences: First, it is very different in the reform of the political premise and economic base. Chinese feudal politics is highly unified, centralized absolute monarchy, and its economy is based on landlords smallholder farming more solid feudal natural economy, the seeds of capitalism is extremely weak. Therefore, the traditional Chinese forces are extremely powerful; landlord class reformers (ie Westernization) failed to grasp the supreme power of the state, also failed to get the firm support of the supreme ruler, but often by the strong resistance from the old school, of course, difficult to fully a difference, only to carry out the reform of the lower level; Japan's feudal political packet under the principle of decentralization of the central and local emperor the virtual bit the generals ruling Bakuhan system, feudal natural economy more seeds of capitalism role tends to disintegrate. Therefore, has a degree of autonomy of the various fan to the implementation of the same shogunate central phase contravene the Edo reform, and southwest Zhu Fan of the lower-level samurai reformers master Edo real power, to form a base for inverted curtain struggle to be able to down screen succeeds to grasp the supreme state power in the case of no conservatives too much resistance to the implementation of a nationwide reform higher level. Secondly, the purpose of its reform, the leading force and the Western attitude differences are significant. The Westernization Movement reforms aim is to consolidate the feudal rule of the introduction of modern Western advanced weapons and industrial technology. Leadership strength acquaintance Western learning, a small number of power Westernization. Western learning attitude is the \Treaty, to achieve national independence. Its leading force a comprehensive understanding of Western learning, reformers full power. Western learning attitude is a comprehensive learning Western learning and widespread implementation of \Once again, in the reforms, and the reform means serious differences. Although the reform of the content of the Westernization Movement involves a broader, but no system change and cultural renewal. Its reform means relatively rigid in the immature state; Meiji Restoration in Japan's reform is not only broad and deep, and institutional change and cultural renewal. More flexible means of its reform, and reached a fairly mature state. Finally, in the outcome of the reform and the impact of reforms distinct. Westernization Movement in China is basically a failure, and accumulated a painful lesson for the Chinese national salvation movement; Meiji Restoration in Japan, largely successful, to lay the strength of the foundation for Japan's aggression and expansion and become a military feudal imperialist countries .

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CLC: > History, geography > Asian History > East Asia > Japan
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