|
At present, there hasn’t been any investigation on Children’s sleep status in Shandong province. So we conduct this investigation in Jinan , to determine the prevalence of habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) in children.StudyⅠ:Prevalence of habitual snoring in 3-12-year-old children. Objective:To investigate the prevalence of habitual snoring in 3-12-year-old children, and also to evaluate the symptoms and risk factors that may be associated with habitual snoring in these children.Materials and Methods:We chose 4 nursery schools and 5 primary schools in Jinan and distributed parental questionnaires to all 3-12-year-old children in these schools . All the returned questionnaires were reorganized and analyzed. According to answers about the snoring frequency, children who snored habitually were identified. Then the prevalence of habitual snoring in these children were counted, the symptoms and risk factors that may be associated with habitual snoring were searched.Results:1. 3000 questionnaires were distributed to children, 2326 were returned, the rate was 77.5%. In all the returned questionnaires, 21 incomplete questionnaires were excluded from analysis. Thus, data from 2305 children were gathered for final analysis.2. According to the results of questionnaires, 110 of 2305 children were habitual snorers. The prevalence of habitual snoring in these surveyed children was 4.8%. Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence between boys and girls (5.3% vs 4.2%,P>0.05), there was significant difference in the prevalence among three different age groups: 3-6, 6.9%; 7-9, 4.7%; 10-12, 3.1%.3. When compared with nonsnorers, many symptoms were significantly more common in habitual snorers, they were as follows: oral breathing during sleep,difficulty breathing during sleep, apnea, restless sleep, sleep talking, bruxism, sweating during sleep, difficulty getting out of bed in the morning, dry mouth and dry throat, daily sleepiness, falling asleep while riding in the car, dysphoria, hyperactive, difficulty focusing attention in class. The symptoms not significantly more common in habitual snorers were as follows: sleep walking, enuresis, night terror, morning headache, falling asleep while playing alone, watching TV, and eating meals, aggression, growth abnormalities.4. Using logistic step-wise regression analysis, we found that the risk factors associated with habitual snoring in these children were: habitual snoring in father, incidence number of rhinitis and tonsillitis, BMI.Conclusions:The prevalence of habitual snoring was 4.8% in 3-12-year-age children. There was no significant relationship between gender and habitual snoring. The prevalence in the 3-6-year-age group was 6.9% which was highest among the 3 different age groups. Habitual snoring may be associated with symptoms including sleep difficulties and daytime neurobehavioral problems. Habitual snoring in father, frequent rhinitis and tonsillitis, and obesity increased the likelihood of habitual snoring in children. StudyⅡ: Prevalence of OSAHS in 3-6-year-old children.Objective:To investigate the prevalence of OSAHS in 3-12-year-old children, and also to evaluate the symptoms and risk factors that may be associated with OSAHS in these children.Materials and Methods:All the 3-6-year-old children form survey I were selected into this survey. First, according to their questionnaires, they were classified into three groups: nonsnorers, occasional snorers, and habitual snorers. All habitual snoring children were invited to undergo polysomnography(PSG) evaluation. Children with an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index >3 received a diagnosis of OSAHS. Then the prevalence of OSAHS in these children were counted, the symptoms and risk factors that may be associated with OSAHS were searched. Additionally, the PSG results of OSAHS children were analyzed in this survey.Results:1. There were 767 children in this survey. Among them, 53 were habitual snorers. The prevalence of habitual snoring was 6.9% in these children.2. 49 of 53 habitual snorers underwent PSG evaluation. According to the PSG results, 17 children with OSAHS were identified. The prevalence of OSAHS was 2.2%, there was no significant difference in the prevalence between boys and girls(2.3% vs 2.2%, P>0.05).3. When compared with normal control group, many symptoms were significantly more common in OSAHS group, they were as follows: oral breathing during sleep, difficulty breathing during sleep, apnea, restless sleep, sweating during sleep, difficulty getting out of bed in the morning, headache, dry mouth and dry throat, daily sleepiness, falling asleep while riding in the car and eating meals, dysphoria, hyperactive, difficulty focusing attention in class. The symptoms not significantly more common in OSAHS group were as follows: sleep talking and walking, bruxism, enuresis, night terror, falling asleep while playing alone, and watching TV, aggression and growth abnormalities.4. The risk factors associated with OSAHS in children were: habitual snoring in father, incidence number of tonsillitis and rhinitis.5. According to analysis of PSG results, we found that there were many significantly different measurements between children with OSAHS and without OSAHS, they were as follows: AHI, incidence of awakening, sleep efficiency, percentage of SWS and REM sleep, as well as mean oxygen saturation.Conclusions:The prevalence of OSAHS was 6.9% in 3-6-year-old children. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between boys and girls. OSAHS might be associated with symptoms including sleep difficulties and daytime neurobehavioral problems. Habitual snoring in father, frequent tonsillitis and rhinitis increased the likelihood of OSAHS in 3-6-year-old children. In addition, children with OSAHS had fragmented sleep and hypoxemia in the evening.
|