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Development and utilization of the ocean, we must first understand and understanding of the sea. Due to the importance of the coastal waters in the each coastal national economic development, disaster prevention and mitigation, environmental protection and national defense security, all countries have attached great importance to the observations of the offshore marine environment, on the shore and offshore areas have to shore-based station station and buoys as the main observation platform, single-element and multi-element combined with the observation of the oceans. Chinese mainland coastline of about 1.8 million km, about 1.4 million km of island coastline. However, so far, the observation stations built on the 3.2 million km coastline and offshore observation buoy not only the quantity, distribution is not quite reasonable, but there are still backward observation point set, means and methods of observation and other aspects of the problem. These problems it is necessary to the analysis and study of the system as a whole, is more scientific management, development, protection of human survival of coastal waters to help. The paper first analyzes the distribution of the status quo of China for the coastal ocean observing shore-based stations and fixed buoys, and then focusing on from the setting of the number of the observation platform, the continuity of the observational data, methods of observation and observation instruments, observation points and observations the use of the information on several aspects of the problems in China's coastal ocean observing analysis. The study found that China's coastal ocean observing stations mainly in the following aspects: First, the oceanic observation space layout representation. The past, a lot of the establishment of the station is set based on the prevailing social, economic and marine scientific research, to the development needs of a small number of observation platforms, offshore tide point, storm surge disaster-prone areas, offshore ecosystems and part of the estuary observing the lack of specificity, the island shore stations, offshore platform resources have not been exploited;, oceanographic factors observation times (for example, the observation of the surface water temperature) and the observation level (most of the observed elements only single-level observations) not the science, is not reasonable, in the times of the time or the level observed data can not fully meet the need to solve practical problems; Third, a new time domain, the interface between the old ocean observations problem. Ocean observing instrument integration and automation has improved continuously, the relocation of the Measurement Method and the improvement of the means of observation and measuring point will make new, old observational data between data sampling frequency, accuracy, objectivity, systemic and other aspects of the existence of certain gap. The existence of this problem has a direct impact on China's marine data integrity, accuracy, consistency and compatibility. Measurement location or applied measurement methods change before and after the observations differentiated station observations continuous use of special studies. China's coastal ocean observing existing problems, this paper proposes comprehensive assessment of the four-dimensional representation of the marine stations across the country from the perspective of space and time, based on the evaluation results, there are plans to improve China's coastal ocean observing the presence of various problem. Provide effective, real-time, long time series of measured data for the management of the marine station to provide a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the development of marine science. In addition, according to the development situation and development trend of domestic and international ocean observing briefly proposed the building of oceanographic stations and buoys offshore ocean observing system envisioned, the the envisaged system components, functionality, and is expected to achieve, and discusses its feasibility and assurance measures.
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