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As a dynamic system, the road traffic system is made up of people、vehicle、road and traffic environment. and any factor’change will affect system’s smoothly run ,it will result in accident at worse. Highway traffic accident and urban road traffic accident traffic environment have much the differences. Because too many traffic accidents happened, contrasting the causes to the highway traffic accident and urban road traffic accident is need to be investigated ,and then guide the layout、design management of the highway and urban road.By means of the mathematical statistics、fuzzy assessment、regression analysis、traffic accident causes analysis, follow the test research ideas: practice exploration - theory model - fuzzy assessment - practice. on the base, the traffic accidents causes to the highway and urban road were analyzed.Defining a road traffic accident tendentious distribution concept, introduced an improved model based on analysis of the road traffic accidents cause single factor and road traffic accidents analysis model based on fuzzy theory. From the view of the people, vehicles, roads, the environment, analyzed the road traffic accidents signal-factor, and came out that speeding, illegal overtaking road accidents are the leading causes of the conclusions of factors, and negligently causes are the main causes for the road accidents cities. Depending on system causes theory due to select 33 and 31 traffic state variables reflecting the time of the accident causing highway and urban road, Analysis of traffic accidents in which human factors were found to account for 87.13% and 65.37%,and the analysis results is better than the traditional method 92.11% of the results.the contrast of the highway and urban road traffic accidents causes are studied. Definition of a road traffic accident influence coefficient concept, form the point view of distribution incidents, serious degree of accidents, accident causing factor, studied the contrast of the highway and urban road traffic accidents’characteristics and calculated the influence on the highway and urban road traffic from the road alignment, geometric characteristics, grade, and intersection, Ramp form of rain, snow and other adverse weather conditions and driver factors, and gived the effect of the quantitative analysis.Against speeding, fatigue driving, linear poor management skills and means of the backward major factor in road accidents, advanced the overall speed limit and special point of the local speed limit, lane speed limit and sub-models combining the speed limit road vehicles, speed control technology, and the time limit for driving, halfway rest time constraints, the highway overloading restrictions countermeasures, and gives the highway alignment of the corresponding control design standards. From view of the intersection’rational set and technical improvement, intersection upgrades, road safety facilities, traffic management application of new technologies, innovation in the management system improvement and innovation angle, gived the urban road traffic accident prevention strategies and control measures.
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