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Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or alternatively, when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. A diabetes epidemic is underway. An estimated 30 million people worldwide had diabetes in 1985. A decade later, the global burden of diabetes was estimated to be 135 million. The latest WHO estimate - for the number of people with diabetes, worldwide, in 2000 - is 171 million. This is likely to increase to at least 366 million by 2030. Two major concerns are that much of this increase in diabetes will occur in developing countries, due to population growth, ageing, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and that there is a growing incidence of Type 2 diabetes - which accounts for about 90% of all cases - at a younger age. In developed countries most people with diabetes are above the age of retirement. In developing countries those most frequently affected are in the middle, productive years of their lives, aged between 35 and 64.The number of deaths attributed annually to diabetes is around 3.2 million. Diabetes has become one of the major causes of premature illness and death in most countries, mainly through the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).According to the World Health Organization, the types of diabetes can be defined as follows: (1)Type 1 diabetes in which the pancreas fails to produce the insulin which is essential for survival. (2)Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes results from the body’s inability to respond properly to the action of insulin produced by the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is much more common and comprises 90% of people with diabetes around the world, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia which is first recognized during pregnancy. Symptoms of gestational diabetes are similar to Type 2 diabetes. (3)Gestational diabetes is most often diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than reported symptoms. (4)The other types of diabetesThe cause of diabetes is very complicated and is not very clear now. The environment and heredity is now considered as the reason for diabetes. The treatment for diabetes is to control the blood glucose , correct the metabolism disorder, alleviate the patient’s symptoms and prevent the complements . Recent research shows that body iron overload can be the cause of insulin resistance . Reducing the serum ferritin can help to lower the blood glucose and relieve the patient from insulin resistance .Objective: To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes and serum ferritin . To explore weather the insulin resistance has dependence with the concentration of serum ferritin. To study weather the synergism exists between the serum ferritin and other risk factors of type 2 diabetes.Methods: From January 1th , 2005 to September 31th , 2006 , collect the in-patients of the People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province , who were newly diagnosed as type 2 diabetes . At the same time collect the healthy physical examination persons as control group , which is composed of 150 males and 150 females , who are aged between 50 to 80. Demographic data and co-variables obtained include sex, age , height, weight, blood pressure , family history , FBG , 2h-PG, FINS , TC , TG , SF , CRP, Hgb , etc .Results: 1. Diabetes and serum ferritin has correlation. The serum ferritin of patients with type 2 diabetes has significant difference with that of the healthy ones.2. The insulin resistance has dependence with the concentration of serum ferritin. With the concentration of serum ferritin rises, the cases with insulin resistance increase and the HOMA-IR rises.3. The risk factors of type 2 diabetes mainly include family history , obesity , high blood pressure , high serum TC , high serum TG , etc. They are all risk factors of type 2 diabetes . The synergism exists between the serum ferritin and obesity , and the serum ferritin and high serum TG. If the serum ferritin acts with one of the above two risk factors , the insulin resistance can bestrengthened.
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