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The Effect of Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation on FA Composition of Breast Milk and Infants’ Blood as Well as Infants’ Growth and Development

Author: ZhouZuoZuo
Tutor: PengYongMei；GuoZhiPing；LiHuiRong
School: Fudan University
Course: Pediatrics
Keywords: Fatty acids , it is necessary Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Maternal diet. Breast milk Infant plasma Grow Cognitive development
CLC: R151
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2008
Downloads: 137
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Abstract

[Objective] To compare pregnancy feeding of dietary fatty acid content differences, to understand the level of dietary fatty acids in breast milk and offspring plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition of breast milk and plasma phospholipid fatty acids; and monitoring of the growth and development of offspring, and to explore level for the growth and development of infants and young children. [Methods Research select two different dietary patterns regions: Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, dietary patterns for the ordinary China Southern dietary pattern; Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, dietary patterns of marine food consumption patterns. Maternal enrolled in two places the third trimester (28 weeks pregnant) 7 forward-looking real-time dietary survey, calculated according to the \collected in five days, 42 days and 1 year old baby blood in 5 days, 42 days, April specimens from breast milk samples using high performance capillary gas chromatography analysis detected in breast milk and infant plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations. In Changzhou, lactating mothers within four months after the baby is delivered again on the 7th dietary survey; at birth, 42 days in February, April, June, 12 months and 18 months when these pediatric measurement of weight, length, head circumference growth indicators, June, December Gesell Developmental Scale cognitive developmental assessment. [Results] 1. Different dietary patterns of differences in dietary fatty acid intake and parent colostrum and cord blood plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition of (1) the types of Changzhou, Wenzhou, maternal third trimester dietary intake differences, Wenzhou region maternal marine food intake is much larger than in Changzhou, vegetable oil intake was lower (P <0.001). ② Changzhou maternal dietary fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly higher than the Wenzhou region (P <0.05); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and twenty carbon the five acid (EPA) content were significantly lower than the Wenzhou region (P <0.01); arachidonic acid (AA) content was no significant difference (P> 0.05). (3) in Changzhou 5 the Tienmu colostrum LA and ALA content than the Wenzhou area (P <0.001), and low in DHA (P <0.05); two places Tienmu colostrum AA and EPA content, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). ④ Changzhou cord blood plasma phospholipid LA, ALA and AA content than the Wenzhou area (P <0.05), but the EPA content was lower (P <0.001); the two cord blood plasma phospholipid DHA content was no significant difference (P> 0.05) . Third trimester of pregnancy and lactation dietary fatty acid intake differences in breast milk and pediatric plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition of the total dietary intake of Changzhou maternal third trimester of pregnancy and lactation no significant differences in the dietary intake of lactating mothers seafood categories of food than the third trimester of pregnancy dropped eggs, poultry and freshwater fishes foods increased (P <0.05). AA content in the lactating dietary fatty acids than the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher (P <0.001), and LA, ALA, EPA and DHA content was no significant difference (P> 0.05). This change in dietary fatty acids with the same period in the breast milk and infant plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition changes. Mature milk and colostrum, LA, ALA content was significantly higher (P <0.05), AA and DHA content decreased significantly (P <0.001), and EPA content was no significant difference (P> 0.05). LA, ALA, DHA content than five days of blood in the blood 42 days increased the AA content decreased (P <0.001), EPA was no significant difference (P> 0.05). 3. Breast milk and umbilical cord blood plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels and infant growth relationship (1) infant birth weight and cord blood AA / DHA, and n-6/n-3 ratio was negatively correlated (P <0.05). ② cord blood plasma phospholipid LA and n-6/n-3 ratio and 2,4,6-month-old infant length Z scores were negatively correlated (P <0.05): AA / DHA ratio and 42 days, 2 and April age infant length Z scores were negatively correlated (P <0.05); each time point weight, head circumference, and the growth rate is not related with breast milk or plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels (P> 0.05). (3) children with plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels and BMI Z score: · cord blood plasma phospholipid DHA and n-3 PUFAs and 6,12,1 8-month-old infant BMI Z scores were negatively correlated; n-6/n-3 ratio its a positive correlation (P <0.05). · 5 days blood plasma phospholipid DHA and n-3 PUFAs negatively correlated with BMI Z scores of 12-month-old baby was the n-6/n-3 ratio was its positive correlation (P <0.01). · 42 days plasma phospholipid DHA and n-3 PUFAs and 2,4,6,12,18-month-old infant BMI Z scores were negatively correlated; n-6/n-3 ratio was its positive correlation (P <0.01) . 4 breast milk and umbilical cord blood plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels in infant development breast milk and plasma fatty acids and infant Gesell DQ value correlation exists, but these related does not have consistent results. [Conclusion] The two regions with different dietary patterns, the third trimester maternal dietary intake of fatty acids differ, and such differences can affect the mother colostrum and cord blood plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition, and thus the growth of the fetus and infant developmental impact. Region at the same dietary pattern from pregnancy to lactation, maternal dietary fatty acid intake structure only minor changes, with a certain stability but also has its own peculiarities. Same period in breast milk and infant plasma phospholipid fatty acid changes and dietary larger inconsistencies. This change may be an adaptive change. Cord blood plasma phospholipid LA, AA / DHA and n-6/n-3 ratio with 4,6-month-old infant length Z scores were negatively correlated; that cord blood plasma phospholipid n-6 ??PUFAs in early infancy might be interested in infant length within a certain period of time have some negative impact, but the long-term effects are still not sure. 4. Early infant plasma phospholipid growth has a significant effect may be late for infants: n-3 PUFAs level of n-3 PUFAs of early plasma phospholipids (wherein the DHA) the higher the level of its late in infants can be more desirable Body mass index (BMI). 5 only from the southern dietary pattern area found no correlation between breast milk and plasma portion of the fatty acids in infant cognitive development, with the of marine diets region data has yet to be comparative.

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