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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of birth defects of 0～5 years old children in Bengbu City, seek and identify some potential influential factors, explore the intervention measures, cut down the incidence, promote the health of people, and provide the scientific evidences for reaching aristogenesis.Methods: Stratified random clustered sampling in proportion. There are 3 counties and 5 districts (except high-tech district) have 16,698 babies(their mothers are residents of investigated area when they were pregnant and delivered) born from midnight on July 1 in 2001 to 24 on June 30 in 2006. This investigation adopted 833 cases diagnosed as birth defects by final diagnosis or medical examination 833 controls matched by sex, age and inhabitance in urban and countryside. All the parents or folks from 833 couples of case-controls were investigated according to self-designed questionnaire, and the distribution of birth defects was described with frequency index.χ~2 test was used to compare discrepancy between sex, age, and town and country in order to detect possible risk factors such as fetus, inhabited environment, pollution around home, mother disease, exposures to medicine and poisons, and fathers’smoking etc. The questionnaire investigations on 565 couples of birth defects and controls were performed according to 1:1 matched case-control study. The single-variate and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted with help of SPSS software.Result: Among 16,698 children of zero t five, 833 of BD cases are testified and BD rate is 883/16698=5.29%. There are 553 males, takes up 62.6% and 330 females, 37.4%, sex rate male: female=1.7:1. The difference between male and female has statistical meaning(χ~2=70.1 P<0.05); the first five birth deficiencies of 0~5 are angioma,innate heart disease, nevus,hernia, Congenital hydrocephalus , and occupy 43.49%of BD; comparing pregnant women of different age, the paper discovers that the differences in the birth defects rate have statistical meaning(χ~2=161.9,P<0.05):the age of 25~30 has lowest rate and age of no less than 35 has highest rate; double fetuses and multi-fetuses occur more often than single-fetus; birth defects rate in village is higher than that in town(χ~2=34.0,P<0.05); rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively are 46.62%、49.51%、53.15、61.8% ; whether there is a river in living environment does not have statistical meaning(χ~2=0.68,P﹥0.05);birth defects in contaminated family is higher than that in non-contaminated one (χ~2=16.2 ,P<0.05);mother’s disease in early pregnancy takes up 30.4%of birth defects, especially upper respiration tract infection; medicines mother had in early pregnancy occupies13.3%, antibiotics in particular; among possible dangerous factors, pets is19.6%,pesticides7.5%;among the doubtful dangerous factors, cigars is 47.8%,alcohol 24.7%, pesticides 15.3%. A 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted to investigate 565 pairs of cases and the control. The results of multiple regression model showed that the risk factors of BD were : domestic contamination(OR=5.18)consanguineous marriage(OR=12.37)bearing malformation child history(OR=2.52), exposure on harmful substance during pregnancy(OR=10.81), drug usage during pregnancy(OR= 3.27), pet contacting during pregnancy(OR= 4.26)father smoking(OR= 1.95)Conclusion: The prevalence of birth defects in Bengbu City is 5.29%, which is consistent with that of home and abroad. The risk factors of birth defects chiefly contain pollution near home, consanguineous marriage, history breeding oaf, exposures to hazardous agent and medicine during pregnant period, and fathers’smoking. The interventions on these risk factors will be able to effectively decrease the incidence of birth defects.
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