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The value of macrofungi was more and more favored by researchers in recent years. Well-known is the edible fungi. Located in the northwest mainland of China, the economy of Gansu is relatively lagging behind, edible fungi industry started late,and developed slowly. And the level lagged far behind the overall level of the country. The consumption of edible fungi for each person per year in Gansu province is approximately 0.6kg,while the average national consumption volume was 1. 87kg. The consumption of Gansu is only one third of the country. In order to develope the edible fungi industry, first of all we have to understand the wild fungi resources in Gansu Province, to develope the various varieties adaptable for Gansu’s climate. In this paper, macrofungi reserve is investigated in Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve, the results showed that:1.In this study, we use the traditional taxonomy methods to identify each Macrofungi. Firstly we will record about its pileus color, shape, presence or absence of scales, the shape of scales, gill color; stipe color, shape, presence or absence of scales and shapes; veil color, ring color and the location of the stipe and fruiting body size; secondly through microexamination, spore, cyst, trama of shape, color are recorded. The results showed that the 141 species belong to 22 families 47 genera, 11 taxonomics were not identified and classified in species. Spathularia Pers. (1species), Cudonia Fr. (1species), Peziza Dill.ex Fr. (1species), Otidea Pers. (1species), Sarcosphaera Auersw. (1specie), Acetabula (Fr.) Fuck. (1species), Helvella L.ex Fr.(3species), Agaricus (L.ex Fr.) (17species), Lepiota (Pers.ex Fr.) Gray (3species), Leucoagaricus (Locq.) Sing. (1species), Agrocybe Fayod(1species), Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél. (2species), Coprinus Pers. Ex Gray (1species), Cortinarius Fr. (17species), Hebeloma (Fr.) Kumm.(2species), Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. (5species), Lycogala Mich.ex Adans. (1specie), Hygrophorus Fr. (1 species), Geastrum Pers. (1species), Lycoperdon Pers. (3 species), Nidularia Fr. (1 species), Crucibulum (1 species), Lentinus Fr. (2 species), Pholiota (Fr.) Quél.(6 species), Stropharia (Fr.) Quél.(2 species), Psilocybe Kummer (2species), Naematoloma Karst. (1species), KuehneromycesSing.et A.H.Smith.(1species), Volvariella Speg. (1species), Clitocybe (Fr.) Kumm.(12 species),Mycena (Pers.ex Fr.) Gray(3species), Melanoleuca Pat.(2 species), Armillariella (Fr.) Quél.(6species), Calocybe (2 species), Lepista (2 species), Leucopaxillus Bours. (2 species), Clitopilus (Fr) Quél.(1species), Tricholoma (Fr.) Kumm. (3species), Collybia (Fr.) Quél.(1species), Lyophyllum Karst. (8 species), Laccaria Berk.et Br. (1species), Marasmius Fr. (1species), Hydnochaete Peck (1species), Ramaria (Fr.) Bon.(3 species), Daedalea pers. ex Fr. (1species), Polyporus (Mich.) Fr. ex Fr. (2species), Cytidia Quél. (1species), Lactarius Dc. ex Gray (9 species). 72 species are new to Gansu province (as manifested in the text with *).2. Macrofungi in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, were investigated and indentified. There are 141 species. According to their economic values, they can be divided into three groups: 87 edible species, 34 medicinal species and 22 poisonous species. The ecological enviroment and economic value were also briefly described.3 .The flora of macrofungi of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve is primarily analyzed in this paper. The result showed that the dominant families are Strophariaceae, Cortinariaceae, Agaricaceae,Tricholomataceae; while the dominant genera are Agaricus ( L.ex Fr. ) , Cortinarius Fr. , Clitocybe ( Fr. ) Kumm.,Lactarius Dc. ex Gray, Lyophyllum Karst., Pholiota (Fr.) Quél., Inocybe (Fr.) Fr.., Armillariella (Fr.) Quél. According to the geographical elements, it is grouped into: Cosmopolitan element (67. 4%), North Temperate element (31.3%) and Pantropical element (1.3%). Among them Cosmopolitan element and North Temperate element are the characteristics of the region.
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