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In this paper, M. dodecandrum (Melastoma dodecandrum Lour) stems, leaves and organizational structure, morphology, fruit nutrients, seed oil fatty acid composition and fruit red pigment extraction, separation, purification and structural identification were studied, the results showed that: 1 . stem contour as having four corners of the round, pith large, central mechanical tissue, secondary phloem was a continuous ring, tightly packed cells, secondary xylem large differences in the size of the catheter, wood fiber tightly packed neat, wood ray radial; Leaves bifacial leaf structure, leaf palisade parenchyma tissue by the tightly packed cells, intercellular spaces less developed spongy tissue, vascular leaf midrib was a kidney-shaped, in Vascular outside have the will fiber bundles are discontinuous; pollen nearly prolate 6 crack polar view circular, three-hole ditch ditch alternating with three fake ditch film with granular projections protruding manhole cover with a central groove, pollen surface mesh - Article rod ornamentation. 2 nutrients in fruits, 3.28% of total sugar, reducing sugar 3.16%, crude protein 6.13%. DW, total acid 0.25%, 1.2%, pectin, vitamin C 2.4 mg/100g.FW. Containing a variety of essential amino acids and mineral elements, a reasonable proportion of mineral elements, calcium content more prominent for 732.84 mg/100g. 3 seed oil at different maturity levels of different fruits, fruit was 4.73%, 11.84% sub-ripe fruit, ripe fruit 12.56%. Seed oil mainly unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid content, linoleic acid content of seeds of different periods were as high as 83%, far higher than other plant seed oil linoleic acid content. 4 M. dodecandrum ripe fruit red pigment is water soluble flavonoid anthocyanin compounds in different pH solutions showing a different color. Under acidic conditions, light, heat, metal ions, sugar and food additives have good stability. Fruit red pigment isolated and purified by paper chromatography and two major anthocyanins. Expanded using a variety of systems, these two kinds of anthocyanins paper chromatography, Rf value of the measured value compared with the literature, with UV-visible absorption spectrum characteristics of the hydrolyzate and the Rf value and the standard samples of sugar compared to the initial identified as Paeonia given 3 - glucoside and peony set -3 - rutin. M. dodecandrum is a greater prospect of development and utilization of wild plant resources, this research will provide comprehensive development and utilization M. dodecandrum provide a scientific basis.
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