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Background : Hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection is a global public health problem. Ours is a high incidence of HBV infection in the world, 350 million asymptomatic HBV carriers (chronic asympto-matic HBV carrier, AsC) in China accounted for 130 million , 28 million chronic hepatitis B patients . Perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in Asia a major route of infection , chronic hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B, CHB) , 30 % -50% is formed through mother to child transmission , infection susceptible to immune tolerance while showing chronic tendency . High titers of hepatitis B vaccine combined with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) blocking measures can provide effective protection, but there are still about 5% -10 % of children infection. Once infected with the virus , except for a few self- HBsAg seroconversion , most of being a carrier . Therefore, understanding the perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus incidence , transmission , factors other issues, on the development of practical and effective blocking HBV transmission scheme , control HBV transmission is important. With the virology and molecular biology research , HBV vertical transmission mechanisms are constantly clear . However , early diagnosis of neonatal HBV infection still affecting the prevention and treatment of the problem, it is because HBsAg and HBV DNA in the early detection of neonatal infection rate. In this study, we have established serum HBV transcripts detection method based on the study of HBV transcripts in HBV transmission in the meaning and substance as the possibility of early diagnosis . HBV DNA has four overlapping open reading frames (Open Reading Frame, ORF), namely : PreC / C, polymerase , PreS1/PreS2/S and X gene , which can be transcribed into the genome and the genomic RNA molecules before . The smallest virus HBx transcripts translation product is considered to be liver carcinogen , HBx features include stimulation of transcription and signal transduction, interfere with DNA repair , apoptosis , and promote malignant transformation in vitro in vivo . In HBV replication during the HBx
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