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This study selected 9 of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin upland cotton varieties and its group with 26 hybrid combinations F1 incomplete diallel cross mating design, randomized block experiment, field investigations economic traits of each material additive - dominant genetic model and statistical analysis methods (Zhu the analysis above survey data, 1997). Indoor SRAP and RAPD molecular markers genetic polymorphism analysis of nine upland cotton varieties, calculated genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance and clustering using UPGMA method to draw the tree. The correlation analysis of callus growth rate and yield. The analysis results are as follows: 1. Analysis of parental and hybrid combinations of phenotypic values ??found in the hybrids, most of the portfolio performance of various economic traits values ??are higher than their parents or located between the parents, only a few combinations of individual traits worse than the parents. Average exceeded advantage of all production traits are negative, except clothing exceptionally other traits of the average in the pro advantages and Hpb of positive. Advantages in the preparation of hybrids between the comparison group and the group can be seen, seed cotton, lint yield in pro advantage Hpb and superscalar advantage within the group over the performance of the group and other yield component traits groups hybrid The advantage is greater than the group. Analysis of variance results showed that the yield traits, seed cotton yield, lint yield, boll number is mainly affected by the dominant effect of gene control, easy access to high heterosis offspring; seed index, lint percentage and lint index additive variance larger proportion; fiber quality traits are mainly controlled by the additive effect, beneficial selection in the early generations, but a very small proportion of additive variance to total phenotypic variance, in addition to length, other fiber traits additive effect or dominant effect exists interaction with the environment greatly affected by the environment. Maximum lint yield broad sense heritability, was 66.4%, the smallest seed index, only 11.7% of the overall low narrow-sense heritability. 3. Combining ability analysis showed that all parents, the female parent GCA overall performance is better than the male parent, female parent showed more positive GCA effects, paternal and more negative GCA effects. E anti-3 performance in the yield and quality traits in the best positive GCA effects on yield traits in Hubei Jing forward, Simian 3 uniformity, strength, micronaire has positive GCA effect, CCRI 10 yield and quality traits have negative GCA. Combination 2 × 3 seed cotton and lint yield positive specific combining ability value of 15.000 and 5.302, respectively, but did not reach a significant level, only the combination of the 2 × 8 production specific combining ability to reach a significant level. The combination of 1 × 6,1 × 8,3 × 9,4 × 6, etc. have a strong yield positive SCA effect value. 4 × 9 yield traits are the poor performance of specific combining ability and has the largest positive effect, but in length, the elongation of the positive effect also reached a significant level. 2 × 6 Quality Traits poor overall performance, have negative SCA effect value In addition to micronaire, elongation lowest negative SCA effect to reach a significant level.
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