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Background:EPO is a hematopoietic cytokine, which has been used to treat anemia caused by varied diseases. However, EPO has been proved to have many non-hematopoietic biological effects. It has also been shown that EPO possesses different effects,such as tissue protectiion, anti-inflammatory effect, angiogenesis and embryonic development. SIRS following CPB may greatly affect the prognosis of the patients, which can include severe complications and finally develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The reoxygenation processes during cardiopulmonary bypass in chronic hypoxia patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease may cause a significant change on serum EPO, and may affect the inflammatory response during the CPB.Objective:1. To observe changes of serum EPO and TNF-αduring CPB, and discuss the changes of cytokine and the correlations between EPO and serum TNF-α, blood neutrophil granulocyte counts, serum CK, serum CK–MB.2. To compare the concentration cytokine during CPB in patients with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease, analyze the clinical data, and discuss the possible anti-inflammatory effect of EPO during the CPB.Methods:In the first part of the study, 293 cases were analyzed, in which 237 cases were ventricular septal defect and 56 cases were tetralogy of Fallot. General information, diagnosis, time of aortic clamping and CPB, time of mechanical ventilation, postoperative temperature changes, postoperative complications and postoperative laboratory examination were observed. The data were analyzed statistically.In the second part, 20 patients with congenital heart disease were divided into two
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