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Hydropower development project has a significant impact on the environment, ecological and environmental problems caused mainly manifested in the river hydrological regime changes, changes in river basin sediment, groundwater level, the Bank Stability and induced earthquakes, soil salinization, deterioration of water quality, reservoir temperature of layer, changing habitats and local climate change. The protection of the ecological environment is an important constraint for hydropower development, hydropower development planning options unreasonable, it may cause a greater degree of ecological damage. From the point of view of the ecological environment, according to the theory of sustainable development, environmental hydraulics theory, ecological theory and systems theory, through the establishment of hydropower development plan ecological environment impact assessment index system and evaluation methods, different hydropower development plan comprehensive evaluation to optimize the planning of hydropower development program, provide the basis for integrated decision-making and reduce the adverse effects of hydropower development on the ecological environment to a minimum. And a reach of the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River Hydropower Development Planning, for example, a case study. Made the following conclusions: (1) the ecological environment of the planning of hydropower development at home and abroad impact assessment and planning of hydropower development program optimization, the lack of a more comprehensive plan evaluation index system and system optimization method. (2) on the basis of in-depth analysis of river hydropower development on the ecological environment, to build a more complete set of hydropower development plan ecological environment impact assessment of three index system, according to the aquatic environment and terrestrial environment system, select rivers morphology, water quality, water temperature, aquatic organisms, the structure of land use, vegetation, landscape ecology, soil erosion and of Wild Fauna and Flora 9 elements 24 indicators, and to determine the method of calculation of indicators. (3) according to the system theory, decision-making model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method of gray correlation program optimization method; by weighted association analysis between uncertainty in the planning of hydropower development program indicators, from the ecological environment angle, comprehensive evaluation of hydropower development plan, the optimal solution for decision-making basis. (4) A case study of a river through the upper reaches of the Yellow River Hydropower Development Planning, with reference to the establishment of evaluation index system, decision-making model optimization results show that: the overall multi-stage development programs better than the other options for the optimal solution. According to the results of examples, the problems of the optimal solution, the ecological environmental impact mitigation measures.
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