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Weinan city(Linwei ditrict) lies in the east part of Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province. It borders on Lantian county to the south, Pucheng county to the north, Hua county, Dali county to the east, and Yanliang district, Lintong district to the west, which belong to Xi’an city. The area is 1221 square kilometers, and the population is 850000. Weinan is usually called "thoroughfare of Sanqin, thoroughfare of eight provinces."Weinan dialect belongs to the Zhongyuan dialect of northern mandarin Chinese.There are 25 initials including the zero initial in Weinan dialect, and 51 finals including two syllablized consonants, and 4 base tones. The tone sandhi is 1 type, when two Yinpin tones read together, the first tone changes to Yangpin tone. Zero tone appears on the suffixes or auxiliaries. There is only 1 type of retroflex vowel, and no retroflex in other vowels. On the base of phonological analysis, give a homophonic table and compare the phonology with mandarin Chinese and middle ancient Chinese as well, then summarize its synchronic phonological features and diachronic evolutionary rules. According to the standard of meaning category, the glossary of Weinan dialect can be divided into 21 kinds. They are chronometer and geography, time, agriculture and its instruments, crop and plant, animal, architecture, appellation, body and organ, medicine, clothing, food, marriage and funeral, superstition and lawsuit, commerce and craft, culture and amusement, action and mentality, direction and position, person and pronoun, adjective and properties, function word, numeral and measure word. The grammatical system of Weinan dialect is basically same to mandarin Chinese, but it still has some special characters in morphology and syntax. In pronoun, the plural forms of pronoun are formed by the change of the tone, and the indicative pronouns have special form of the merging of two syllables. In measure word, there is a special measure word that is equal to the measure word Ge in mandarin Chinese, and it is usually used with numeral in the form of the merging of two syllables. Reduplication includes the reduplication of noun, adjective, measure word etc. The extent adverb Tai and a frequently used function word in possible complement are characteristic. In syntax, it includes the inversion of Bu, the inversionof the adverbial modifier in Ba sentence, Ba sentence with indefinite object, negative-positive interrogative sentence, Deishi sentence, the modal particle Xie, the modal particle Lie, the modal particle Man. At last, the thesis provides several grammatical examples.Chinese dialects are the different varieties of mandarin Chinese in different regions. The study of dialect is one of the important research fields of Chinese linguistics. Through field work, investigate Weinan dialect and record it. At the same time, adopt the method of descriptive linguistics, contrastive linguistics and historical linguistics. At first, objectively analyze the phonological, lexical and grammatical systems. Then compare Weinan dialect with mandarin Chinese, and conclude the characteristics of Weinan dialect. At last, from the diachronic view, using the middle ancient Chinese phonological system represented by Qieyun and Guangyun as a reference system, conclude the diachronic evolutionary rules of Weinan dialect. The significance of this research lies in below: objectively record the synchronic state of Weinan dialect and provide a lively linguistic reality. The synchronic differences between Weinan dialect and mandarin Chinese and the diachronic evolutionary rules from the middle ancient Chinese provide another referential material for the study of the history of Chinese and modern Chinese and the popularization of mandarin Chinese. Promote the study of Shaanxi dialect and contribute to the study of the regional society, culture, folklore, and history of Weinan.
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