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Fractionation and Structural Analysis of the Neutral Polysaccharides from Panax Ginseng C.A.Meyer.

Author: LiuHaiBo
Tutor: ZhouYiFa
School: Northeast Normal University
Course: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Keywords: Panax ginseng Starch-like polysaccharides Fractionation Structural analysis
CLC: R284
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 140
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (P. ginseng) has been used in China as a traditional medicine for a long tine. It has been reported that P. ginseng contains many active components, including ginsenosides, ginseng peptides and ginseng polysaccharides. P. ginseng polysaccharides have immunomodulation, anti-tumor, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Since the first report from Ovodov and Solov’eva (1966), many studies have been conducted on P. ginseng polysaccharides regarding structural analysis which are about pectins corresponding to less of starch-like polysaccharides.It resulted in incomplete structural informations of ginseng polysaccharides, and limited the studies on active components of the neutral polysaccharides from P. ginseng and development and application of ginseng polysaccharides. We made the studies on purification, structural analysis and the systematic comparison of influence on different concentrations of ethanol precipitation of the neutral polysaccharides from P. ginseng, moreover, we analyzed the structure of the polysccharides abtained from 50 percent of ethanol precipitation.A water-soluble crude polysaccharide has been extracted from ginseng roots. After deproteination by Sevage method and precipitation in ethanol, a mixture of polysaccharides WGP was obtained. WGP was divided into two fractions WGPN and WGPA by DEAE-Cellulose column. The carbohydrate content of WGPN was 96.7% as determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid assay. Sugar composition analysis showed that WGPN contained 95.37% glucose and trace arabinose and galactose. The major structural features of WGPN were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, enzymolysis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We inferred that WGPN was mainly consisted of glycans with the glycosidic link of 1→4 with branch of 1→6.WGPN was further fractionated by precipitation in different concentration of ethanol. The precipitate under each condition was recovered and analyzed for its starch content, sugar; composition; and molecular weight distribution. Data showed that the precipitates obtained with less than 50% ethanol were mainly high molecular weight starch-containing polysaccharides. Whereas, the precipitates obtained with higher than 60% ethanol were mainly low molecular weight polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which contained galactose and arabinose in addition to glucose residues. Every parts of WGPN were analysed by periodate oxidation, smith degradation and nuelear magnetic resonance spectrometer,we inferred WGPN was a kind of mixture with polysaccharides like amylopectin.We further studied the structure of a relatively high purity fraction, WGPN-50%-AH (acid hydrolysis), which was the preparation of WGPN-50%-EP (ethanol precipitation) of HC1. The results from NMR analysis showed that it was the important component unit of the neutral polysaccharides from P. ginseng.

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