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With the continuous development of modern molecular biology and experimental technology continues to progress, ancient DNA research has been widely used in many fields of archeology, anthropology, biology and genetics, the identification of the archaeological excavations of ancient figures, human evolution of migration, the origin of biological evolution and disease genetic popular evidence on molecular biology. Occurs in the early stages of the enamel, the enamel in the protein content of up to 20% to 30%. Amelogenin enamel development process, the most abundant protein components, accounted for 60% to 90% of the enamel matrix in the first stage of enamel mineralization. Amelogenin in enamel formation process as the main extracellular matrix proteins may enamel microstructure formation and plays an important role in the evolutionary process. Amelogenin gene expression in different species, is seen as an important marker for phylogenetic differentiation. The human amelogenin are located a pair of alleles on the X and Y chromosomes, the different expression of the two sex chromosomes become an important method of gender identification. Subject to the establishment of the unearthed an ancient human teeth easy way to extract genomic DNA from the Xi'an area 3000 years ago, human teeth extracted genomic DNA, design amelogenin gene-specific primers using PCR technology selected sample gender identification, and 3,000 years ago unearthed in Xi'an the amelogenin protein gene variable region variable sites were screening compared Xi'an region 3,000 years ago unearthed with modern Xi'an amelogenin corresponding SNP loci the frequency of occurrence of different genotypes. The subject of the main results are as follows: 1. \with the teeth of the morphological integrity, while the extracted genomic DNA molecules with higher levels can be used for PCR amplification techniques related gene research. 2 design amelogenin gene-specific primers amplified DNA samples of the 30 cases, 3,000 years ago, drawn accurate sex identification results, to perfect the sample information, and provide convenient conditions for the follow-up study. 3 glaze. 3,000 years ago unearthed in Xi'an area of ??the original protein gene variable region was amplified and sequenced released to the NCBI human amelogenin sequence alignment did not find any variation derived evolutionary analysis odds . 4. Unearthed in Xi'an area 3,000 years ago, and modern Xi'an amelogenin SNP sites rs6639060 and rs2106416 different genotype frequency of occurrence is compared, and found no statistically significant difference. In summary, the \, but the Xi'an area unearthed 3,000 years ago amelogenin gene polymorphism law and its relationship with the structure and the thickness of the enamel also needs further research.
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