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Study on the Preparation and Properties of Sulfonic Acid Series Gemini Surfactants

Author: SunXueLi
Tutor: ZhuGuangJun
School: Nanjing University of Technology and Engineering
Course: Applied Chemistry
Keywords: sulfonic acid series gemini surfactants preparation property microemulsion
CLC: TQ423.11
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2012
Downloads: 97
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Sulfonic acid series gemini surfactants are new type of highly efficient anionic gemini surfactants, since their headgroups were connected by chemical bonds and the repulsion between the two ionic headgroups was weakened, they have greater surface activity than conventional monomeric ones. So, they have broad prospects for application, and they will replace the conventional monomeric surfactant in many areas after the cost of production is reduced.In this paper, a series of sulfonic acid series gemini surfactants were prepared by applying two-step method and they were identified by FT-IR、1HNMR、MS, the optimum operation conditions were obtained and some properties of them were studied to provide an experimental basis for practical application. The overall results are as following:(1) The better sulfonation reaction condition was obtained through single-factor experiment and the results were as follows:n(stearic acid):n(chlorosulfonic acid)=1:1.1, reaction temperature was 90℃, reaction time was 7h, the best yield of sulfonation was 83.80%. (2) The better esterification reaction condition was obtained through orthogonal experiment as follows:as for the spacer was methylene chain, n(a-sulfo fatty acid):n(dihydric alcohol)= 2.1:1, n(paratoluenesulfonic acid):n(dihydric alcohol)=0.5:1, reaction temperature was 130℃, reaction time waslOh, the best yield of esterification was 76.41%; as for the spacer was polyoxyethylene chain, n(a-sulfo fatty acid):n(polyethylene glycol)= 2.1:1, n(paratoluenesulfonic acid):n(polyethylene glycol)=0.5:1, reaction temperature was 170℃, reaction time was 6h, the yield of esterification was 86.87%. (3)γCMC、CMC、emulsification and foam properties of sulfonic acid series gemini surfactants were studied and it was found that:they were about 1-2 orders of magnitude more efficient at forming micelles(CMC) than conventional surfactants; the time of their emulsification was longer than conventional ones, indicating better properties of emulsification, and gemini surfactants were better than corresponding single-base surfactants in foaming and foam stability. (4) The application performance of polyethylene glycol di-(α-sulfonic salt) lauric ester(Gemini D) was studied, the microemulsion system was prepared using Gemini D、alcohol、n-octane and water, it was found that n-pentanol was better additives than other alcohol, the weight ratio of surfactant and alcohol was 5:8. At the same time, formation of mid-phase microemulsion of Gemini D was studied and its optimal composition was as follows:C Gemini D(%)=0.1～0.5、C n-pentanol (%)= 2.5～4.0、C Nacl(%)= 2.4.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Chemical Industry > Reagents and the production of pure chemicals > Surfactant > Ionic surfactants > Anionic
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