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Study on Simulation of Pedestrian Evacuation in Chamber Based on Cellular Automaton

Author: ChenYongZuo
Tutor: LiuMuRen；BaiKeZuo
School: Guangxi Normal University
Course: Theoretical Physics
Keywords: Cellular Automata Pedestrian flow Evacuation Position risk Numerical Simulation Evacuation efficiency
CLC: O415
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 142
Quote: 0
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Abstract

With the sustained social and economic development, urbanization continues to accelerate as well as rapid population growth, urban emerging theaters, shopping centers, exhibition centers and other crowded public places. The same time, the city suffered increasingly severe disasters and the threat of major unforeseen events, earthquake, fire, stampede accidents occur frequently in recent years, resulting in a large number of casualties in the emergency occurs, and how to conduct scientific and effective evacuation an urgent problem, has become the focus and emphasis of the research in the field of public safety and fire safety engineering. Therefore, the evacuation the microeconomic behavioral characteristics of the individual overall macro behavior characteristics and evacuation of the formation mechanism of the phenomenon has important practical significance. The evacuation is an extremely complex nonlinear physical problems, pedestrian movement characteristics evacuate the formation mechanism of the phenomenon, as well as the evacuation of related issues have formed the pedestrian flow dynamics theory, and a variety of pedestrian flow simulation model . The cellular automata model is widely used in pedestrian flow and evacuation simulation, cellular automata is a time, space and state variables are discrete mathematical model, eliminating the need to solve the differential equation directly through the rule-making to simulate nonlinear physical phenomena, the ability to have strong simulate various physical systems and natural phenomena. In this paper, on the basis of the existing cellular automata model of pedestrian flow, consider pedestrians actual behavioral characteristics and the construction structural characteristics of the typical public places, reasonable adjustment pedestrian movement rules, the establishment of a new evacuation cellular automata model. Computer simulation of the evacuation process in different scenarios to analyze the impact of various factors on evacuation time and discuss the evacuation of the formation mechanism of the dynamical behavior. The main work of this paper are as follows: 1. Consider the tables and chairs in the classroom personnel movement speed, and there is a seating area and hallway area evacuation cellular automata model. Staff density, different export position and desks from the layout of the evacuation time. The numerical simulation results show that the greater density in the seating area, the more obvious impact on the evacuation, the evacuation time; export the side, exports should not be working desks and seats, close to both sides of the wall should be vertical aisle, especially close to the outlet wall side left the longitudinal aisle of evacuation favorable; the longitudinal aisle number and width have an impact on the evacuation, design layout, so the staff can quickly leave the seating area, without the formation of dense congestion in exports in order to achieve optimal evacuation efficiency. 2 large theaters in poor light or power outages, fires and other emergency occurs, leading to the pedestrian sight affected. The evacuation process in this case is different from the normal evacuation will show different evacuation hemodynamic characteristics. In order to study the pedestrian sight affected by the evacuation process, personnel in the previously established evacuation model based on proposed an improved cellular automata evacuation model. In the model, the evacuation space can be divided according to different pedestrian vision radius is visible exit area and blind area; pedestrian mobile behavior in different regions, including pedestrians to move towards the exit, pedestrian directional movement along the wall move and change the direction of movement behavior. The model of personnel within the theater evacuation process simulation study and discuss the different the visible exit area radius evacuation. The numerical simulation results show that the visible export region radius is a key factor affecting the evacuation; the blind region insiders choose the direction of movement and blindness and randomness of the movement of delays in the overall evacuation time. The final study blind spot aisle install evacuation evacuation signs, and compared with the previous evacuation. The results show that the aisles install evacuation signs are very favorable for the entire evacuation process. 3 For more detailed description of pedestrian movement behavior in the evacuation process, consider a pedestrian can have more than one direction of movement and a variety of movement speed, drawing on the thinking of the multi-grid model, pedestrians occupy the space is divided into multi- small grid, build a new multi-grid model. Simulation study room evacuation process evacuation impossible to describe the dynamic behavior of the traditional single-grid model: ① pedestrians do not match the the distance pedestrians size of the movement of a single time step; ② pedestrians at the exit in a messy arrangement; ③ export be the single pedestrian exclusively, a better description of the effect of export restrictions on the flow. Pedestrian number and exit width on evacuation time, compared with single mesh model. The numerical simulation results under emergency personnel to evacuate certain guiding significance. Finally, the work of the full text of the summary and generalization, and pointed out that some of the issue to be examined, and the outlook on the future direction of flow of pedestrian evacuation.

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CLC: > Mathematical sciences and chemical > Physics > Theoretical Physics > Nonlinear physics
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