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Analysis of view of Marx's doctrine of "universal value"

Author: ZhangChengHong
Tutor: WangJinLei
School: Central University for Nationalities
Course: The basic principles of Marxism
Keywords: Marxism Universal values Ideology Socialistcore values
CLC: A811
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2012
Downloads: 288
Quote: 0
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Abstract

At present, discussion on the "universal value" has been continuously heated in the academia; In real life, as a kind of social thought,"universal value" is affecting Chinese society. In fact, the classic Marxist writers have already probed into this matter.On the one hand, Marxist theory on world history systematically reveals the common laws of human society. On the basis of human interaction, political, economic, and cultural integrity and similarity provide material base for formation of universal values.On the other hand, the classic writers of Marxism adopt the method of class analysis to reveal hypocrisy of a series of so-called "universal values" in capitalist society, such as "freedom, democracy, equality, human rights" and so on. Marxism holds that in a class society, the dominant class not only has control over dominant means of production, but plays a dominant role in superstructure. The division of labor gives rise to contradiction between individual interests and common interests, however,"common interest" advocated by state brings about seemingly universal interests and value of the ruling class. given by the form of universal interests acquired by ruling class, the ideology of "freedom, democracy, equality and human rights "is bound to emerge in a universal form, in which the nature of class is veiled. According to Marxism, there is no universal value absent of class nature in class society. As a result, for better understanding and perception of "universal value", Marx’s theory of world history and research method of class analysis provide an alternative methodology to analyze current social reality.Theoretical argument cannot be separated from research of reality. The core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics take root in carrying forward fine traditional culture while learning from splendid foreign cultures in the meanwhile. The socialist system is constantly pursuing freedom, democracy, fairness and justice in the context of socialism. On the one hand, it’s imperative to avoid western universal values as guiding ideology of Chinese reform and opening-up; on the other hand, adhering to the guidance of Marxism, it’s a must to establish the socialist core value system while facing the impact of western social thought. This paper is including four parts:The first chapter and introduction of this paper form the first part, in which the genesis of academic argument of universal value is discussed, and elaboration of universal values including concept, content, characteristics and conditions.The second chapter is the second part, which expounds realistic foundation of universal value in the context of social and historical theory of Marxism, and then discusses the origin of universality in class society as well as elaborations of freedom, equality, democracy, human right and ethics by the classic writers of Marxism.The third chapter is the third part, which analyzes real purpose and political meaning of publicizing and advocating universal values by western countries.The fourth chapter is the fourth part, which expounds necessity of socialist core values, and analyzes profound significance of establishing socialist core values.All in all, on the basis of analysis of hypocritical universal values in the context of western class society, this paper adopts the methodology of class analysis and Marxist theory of social and history, and probes into academic argument of universal values in recent years. Based on the perspective of political science and practical analysis of Chinese society, this paper criticizes the attempt to replace socialist core values with universal values, highlights the significance and necessity of establishing socialist core values.

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