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Free trade and protective trade are two basic types of trade policy, the debate between the two is always accompanied by the development of international trade. Classical economists believe that free trade can maximize the benefits of the world, but severely mercantilist theory of balance of trade to Friedrich List’s theory of infant industry protection, to the ultra-protectionist Keynes, to Roal Prebish’s protection of the new trade theory, to the recent rise of strategic trade policy theory, the best tariff theory, all these provide theoretical basis for a country to select trade protection; the current trade protection in the new context of economic crisis, we can say, is the result of the struggle between interest groups within countries and the end result of the game between countries.For China, the development and achievements in economy after the reform and opening has fully demonstrated the great benefits of free trade, insisting on free trade should be the basic direction of China’s foreign trade. But with the establishment of the status of China’s trading nation, China’s foreign trade has suffered a huge impact on international trade protection, our foreign trade declined, so, from a national interest point of view, we must implement a certain degree of protection in this. Japan, South Korea’s successful experience can be learned, To deal with trade protection, we should be guided by the government, expand domestic demand, changes in the economic development model, optimize export structure and establishing the status quo of China’s economy, in line with trade rules to the relevant and appropriatetrade protection system, and actively take the initiative to prevent the building of early warning mechanisms; as economic entities, the enterprises should be on one hand increasing investments in technology, implementing cleaner production, establishing their own brands to develop international talent; on the other hand, by "going out" and "diversity", using of international rules to safeguard the interests of China’s enterprises and actively dealing with trade friction.
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