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Fundamental Study of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Microbial Fuel Cells

Author: ZhengBiJuan
Tutor: LiuHongFang
School: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Course: Applied Chemistry
Keywords: Microbial fuel cell Sulfate reducing bacteria Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Electrontransfer mechanism Anode materials Cathode catalyst
CLC: TM911.4
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 152
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Abstract


Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioactors that can convert the energy in chemicalcompounds into electricity through the metabolic process of microorganisms. As a noveltechnology of wastewater treatment and an elegant way for reusing sustainable energy,interest in MFCs is gaining momentum worldwide with global energy crisis andenvironmental deterioration. Biological sulfate reduction has been recognized as an efficientmethod to treatment sulfate-rich wastewater. However, the main problem related to thisprocess is due to generation of sulfide that inhibits bacterial growth, decreases the rate ofsulfate reduction, and causes physical or biological constraints that may lead to processfailure. Besides, the gaseous sulfur-based compounds raise serious health risks and can becorrosive to metals and concrete. For these reasons, a large amount of effort and expensehas been undertaken to find a new sustainable technology for wastewater treatment. Theaim of the paper is to design a MFC with sulfate reducing bacteria as electricigens, gainingelectricity while treating the wastewater containing sulfate.An air-cathode microbial fuel cell was successfully started up with mixed consortiasulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) as electricigens. The maximum power density of the SRBMFCwas 23 mW m-2 (766.67 mW m-3), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD)degradation rate was 55.6%. The electron transfer process of SRB on anode was creativelystudied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), which combined with scan electron microscopeSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyXPS) thoroughly illustrated the anodic electron transfer mechanism that is: the biologicallyreduced sulfide was electrochemically oxidized to some intermediates, mostly sulfur and/orpolysulfide, while the electron was transferred onto the anode; the latter can be furtheroxidized to sulfite and sulfate when anode potential positive enough. Besides,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied to investigate the anoderesistance, and an equivalent circuit was set up to well describe the impedance of the anodewith biofilms.In addition, anode materials and cathode catalyst were discussed. The performance of anode materials, such as carbon cloth, carbon paper and prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) /polyaniline (PANI) were evaluated by the open circuit potential (OCP) and the anodeimpedance; while the performance of cathode catalyst iron phthalocyanine (FePc) andmanganese dioxide (MnO2) were studied by the voltage output and the cathode impedance.The result testified the carbon paper was the best anode material with the highest OCP andsmallest resistance; and the catalyst was of great importance, not only generated much higheroutput voltage, but also significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance. FePc distinctlysurpasses MnO2 in two ways.A two-chambered MFC was constructed with SRB as anode microbe and Thiobacillusdenitrificans (TD) as chathodic one, whose electrochemical activity of TD was proved byCV. The anodic electron transfer mechanism surveyed by XPS was shown to be consistentwith the one in one-chambered MFC. The anode, cathode impedance and whole impedanceof the two-chambered cell were tested by EIS. The cathode resistances of 1253Ωdistinctively overnumbered the anode resistance of 341Ω, it meant the cathode was thelimiting factor in this two-chambered MFC.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Electrotechnical > Independent power supply technology (direct power) > Chemical power sources,batteries, fuel cells > Fuel cell
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