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The paper studied genetic variation and phenotype variation of different variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. using RAPD technology and adopting nest ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons; analyzed morphology, growth and stress-resistance of the progeny of different variant types in Quercus variabilis BL.; used fuzzy subordinate function to evaluate comprehensively the superior of different variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. according to fast-growing, drought-resistance, cork quality. The major results were as follows:(1) Using optimized RAPD reaction conditions, the 35 primers selected from the 235 random primers amplified for 24 material of natural Quercus variabilis BL. populations which came from Louguantai. It showed that: the total genetic diversity of natural Quercus variabilis BL. populations was high, genetic differentiation of natural Quercus variabilis BL. populations was large and it’s genetic variation was high; through UPGMA cluster analysis, the natural populations of Quercus variabilis BL. might be divided into four variant types, which was consistent to their phenotype types, and their genetic diversity was high. Polymorphic loci, percentage of polymorphic loci, average observed number of alleles, Shannon information index and Nei’s genetic diversity showed that the changes of genetic diversity of all types were consistent. Genetic distance between the four variant types was large and genetic similarity was small.(2) The phenotypic characters of the four variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. had different degrees variation, their variant coefficient and variant range were great and different. ANOVA showed that: the differences of trait indicators among individual in Quercus variabilis BL types reached a very significant level; bark thickness, cork thickness, fissure depth, fissure width, crack width, crack density, moth-eaten seed rate among types also reached a very significant level; cork density leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf shape index, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape index, seed length, seed width, seed shape index, branch angle among types reached a significant level. Multiple comparisons showed that the 20 characters that came from 27 characters surveyed among four variant types had significant or very significant differences, which might be used as the main basis to distinguish 4 variant types of Quercus variabilis BL. The phenological period of different variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. also had differences. The potential of genetic improvement was great in Quercus variabilis BL.. (3) Leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, petiole length, leaf area and total leaf number of the progeny of four variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. had a significant difference among types. 7-year-old bark thickness, cork thickness, fissure depth, fissure width, crack width, crack density of four cracks, deep cracks width, crack width, crack density of four variant types among types had a significant or very significant differences. The phenotype characters of progeny were greatly consistent to phenotype characteristics of the adult parent trees, which showed that the phenotype characters of four variant types might inherit. 1-year-old, 4-year-old, 7-year-old seedling height and collar diameter of four variant types had a significant difference. Anti-pest and anti-disease of various types were strong. PV water parameters and ratio of root and stem showed that the drought-resistance of various types was not the same.(4) According to fast-growing, drought-resistance, cork quality et al. indicators, the superior of four variant types was comprehensively evaluated by using fuzzy subordinate function, which selected excellent types with rapid growth, strong drought-resistance and excellent cork. This provided the basis for new variety certification and promotion. The superior of four variant types in Quercus variabilis BL. were as follows: thick bark deep crack>thick bark shallow crack>thin bark deep crack>thin bark shallow crack.
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