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This article by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hunan Qiyang the \Fertilizing Measures (no fertilizer CK-T, no fertilizer straw CK-R, N application of P and K NPK-T, N application of P and K straw NPK-R, applied the organics straw MT, Shi organics straw straw returning MR ) under soil chemical properties, soil physical properties, soil biological properties and crop yield variation characteristics. Statistical methods at the same time carry out a comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility indicators, further analysis of the changes of soil fertility under long-term fertilization. The main findings are as follows: (1) three parent material soil fertilization was no significant change in the content of organic matter; the no fertilizer straw slowly increasing soil organic matter content, respectively granite parent material, soil, Quaternary lateritic soil organic matter content of the soil and purple sandy shale an increase of 319.9%, 105.7% and 164.4%, respectively; Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and nitrogen fertilization of P and K of straw three kinds of soil organic matter content were significantly increased, the latter of which increase soil organic matter content than before ripening, followed by an increase of 460.6% 184.4% and 205.9%, respectively; application of organics straw organic matter content of the soil is also a significant increase in its increase in ranking between the P and K without fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Organic and inorganic Manure and straw are important measures of the rapid increase in southern red soil parent material soil organic matter content. The growth rate of three mother quality of soil organic matter content performance for granite parent material soil is greater than the purple sandy shale soils and Quaternary lateritic soil. (2) granite parent material, soil, Quaternary laterite soil, purple sandy shale soil total N and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in nitrogen fertilizer P and K straw treatment increased the fastest, an increase of 716.9% and 97.3%, respectively, 158.8 % and 76.56%, 165.2% and 142.9%, followed by the order of NPK-T, MR, MT, CK-R treatment, the straw will help improve soil nitrogen content; Quaternary red soil total nitrogen content, but low soil nitrogen content than granite parent material, soil and purple sandy shale. Three parent material soil phosphorus and available phosphorus in the treatment of chemical fertilizers (NPK-T, NPK-R), a significant increase in processing facilities organics straw (MT, MR) increased more slowly, purple sandy shale soil full phosphorus content is higher, due to the nature of the parent material, its activity was only 1.98%, lower than the two acidic soils. After 25 years of aging, not potassium fertilizer granite parent material, soil treatment available potassium decreased, basically the same as the other two soils, application of fertilizer and facilities organics straw is conducive to the maintenance of soil available potassium. (3) three soil exchangeable Ca2 the Mg2 content increase rate in the treatment of chemical fertilizers (NPK-T, NPK-R) were lower, Shi organics straw processing (MT, MR) increased rapidly, straw and organic and inorganic materials fertilizer and other measures to improve the soil exchangeable Ca2 Mg2 content Quaternary red soil exchangeable Ca2, Mg2 content increased faster than the granite parent material, soil and purple sandy shale soil. Three soil pH showed a downward trend, particularly in the applied fertilizer treatment decreased faster, two acidic soil decreased faster in alkaline soil, granite parent material, soil and Quaternary laterite soil pH is lower than alkaline soil faster 0.11,0.08 / yr, the purple sand shale soil pH to weakly alkaline transformed, is conducive to crop growth. (4) chemical fertilizers straw measures to promote three the number of soil bacteria; the processing facilities organics straw (MT, MR) and the chemical fertilizers straw (NPK-R) are conducive to the increase of the number of three soil fungi; soil put number of actinomycetes are two acidic soil treatment chemical fertilizers (NPK-T, NPK-R) lowest in alkaline soil NPK-T, NPK-R processing quantity, indicating the number of soil actinomycetes by soil pH greater impact. In short, both acidic total microbial population than alkaline soil more and granite parent material soil, Quaternary laterite soil, purple sandy shale soil microbes take advantage of the number of bacteria are, respectively, 64%, 87%, 83% followed by actinomycetes, respectively, accounted for 28%, 11%, 15%, fungal least accounted for 8%, 2.3%, 2.4%. The combined application of organic and inorganic materials and facilities organics straw can improve three field capacity and soil bulk density, Quaternary lateritic soil physical properties in granite parent material soil in purple sandy shale soil. (5) granite parent materials soil, Quaternary red soil, the purple sand shale soil average relative yield (relative to the treatment NPK-T) are the highest in the treatment of NPK-R, respectively 1.39,1.19,1.28; acidic soil NPK-R treatment over time were significantly decreased significantly, while the purple sandy shale soil did not reach a significant decline in the level; granite parent quality soil and purple sandy shale soil applied organic matter straw of treatment (MT, MR) relative yield, respectively, is significant with very significant increase in Quaternary laterite soil treatment did not reach a significant level, indicating that the application of fertilizer to promote acidic soil further acidification, alkaline soil; the straw measures help to improve crop yields, the three soils relative yield purple sandy shale soil, followed by granite parent material, soil, Quaternary lateritic soil minimum. (6) soil organic matter and soil fertility indicators, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, pH, etc., the application of fuzzy mathematical principles and analysis to determine the weight coefficient method for comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility quantify. The combination of soil fertility characterization of soil fertility dynamic changes in long-term positioning of the advantages of the monitoring test fertility Composite Index, and its corresponding relative yield of very significant positive correlation, indicating that the evaluation results can reflect the actual condition of the soil fertility. The rate of change of the three Integrated Fertility Index showed: purple sandy shale soil gt; Quaternary lateritic soil gt; granite parent material, soil, indicating high purple sandy shale potential soil fertility, as long as reasonable fertilization, improve soil structure and soil acid environment, promote soil microbial activity can play a soil potential correlation analysis results consistent with fertility indicators, purple sandy shale soils except available potassium, production and other soil nutrients are related, and negatively correlated to pH , indicating that the alkaline soil pH decreased soil fertility status tends to be good. In summary, the overall change from crop production, soil fertility and comprehensive evaluation index, existing fertilization system fertilizer with the straw, and pay attention to the rational application of fertilizer.
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