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Using cellular automata model simulations of emergency evacuation procedures

Author: XuePeng
Tutor: LiuMuRen；KongLingJiang
School: Guangxi Normal University
Course: Theoretical Physics
Keywords: Cellular Automata Pedestrian flow Grid attractiveness Computer Simulation Hexagonal lattice model
CLC: TP301.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 95
Quote: 3
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Abstract

21st century, with the continuous progress of global economic integration, countries, city to city's political, economic and cultural cooperation and exchanges have become increasingly frequent. The world continues to accelerate the process of urbanization, the urban population expanding, the crowd gathered in public places has become a high-density area. Once an emergency, because the crowd stampede most likely caused by a large number of casualties, so security issues has become the focus of attention. In recent years, more and more scientists who leave the danger zone by calculating the time spent and analysts in the evacuation process of psychological, physiological and other factors studied, in order to rationalize the structure of the building design, security management, and proposed scientific recommendations for improvement. This work is divided into four parts: the first part, a brief introduction to cellular automata (CA) model theory and practical application of the conditions for the latter work to lay a solid theoretical foundation. The second part introduces the concept of grid points attractiveness established evacuation cellular automata model, within the corridor of the building evacuation process was simulated, the computer simulation results show that this model can reproduce the pedestrians the whole process of evacuation corridors, each room pedestrian evacuation time there are significant differences, the room evacuation exit width less impact on the whole, and the room exit location on evacuation larger room exits closer to the more export orientation can shorten the corridor evacuation time. The width of the corridor also plays a large role in the evacuation and satisfy TcαW? 0.872 relationship. The computer simulation study concluded that the safe evacuation of pedestrians and buildings designed to provide a useful reference. The third part, the real case of emergency evacuation flexibility, diversity, pedestrian under normal circumstances would take multi-directional, multi-speed sports travel, and thus six lattice CA model more than four lattice CA model reproduces the real pedestrian evacuation process, reflecting the building's exit width, the export location for evacuation of pedestrian flow. By comparing two types of model simulations, pedestrians in the evacuation process in order to escape the room can be considered more quickly towards multiple directions, but to maximize avoid congestion and reduce the occurrence of congestion areas as soon as possible, so more conducive to evacuate. The fourth part, using the Von-Neumann neighbors and extended Moore neighbors and by changing the update step approach to achieve a multi-speed mixed pedestrian flow modeling, double outlet in the room for three different maximum speed of pedestrian evacuation process was simulation study, the computer simulation results show that the model can well reproduce the mixed pedestrian flow evacuation whole process, all kinds of pedestrians in a larger difference in the evacuation process, the mixing ratio pedestrians have a greater impact on the evacuation, slow pedestrians the greater proportion of the average longer evacuation time, the system mainly depends on the room evacuation time the proportion of fast pedestrian. Therefore, proper and suitable room exit width exit location can significantly improve the evacuation efficiency. Research in the field on pedestrian evacuation has far-reaching significance, through computer simulation for specific premises trajectories staff, data analysis finishing, to ensure personnel safety measures for their valuable programs. Under the program, the designer of the rationalization of the overall structure of the building design, so handling capacity, emergency channel the flow of people, evacuation control and time to reach a satisfactory value; security departments to develop security measures to raise security awareness reduce unnecessary casualties. Pedestrian flow areas for future research work is dangerous scenario, state of fear pedestrian and physiological characteristics of their psychological characteristics impact on the evacuation process, pending further research and discussion.

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