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Ultrasound is widely used in the clinical examination methods, with a non-invasive, wide range of applications, flexible and easy to operate, safe, reliable and inexpensive, etc., in the Department of Urology, ultrasonography in the diagnosis of kidney, ureter, bladder, and prostate disease has been widely used, and even have become the preferred means of inspection, however, there are many clinical applications limitations of conventional two-dimensional ultrasound, for example, can not be directly reflected the three-dimensional shape of the organ, the other hand, on the development of renal pelvis, morphological changes in the Although more research, but often require animals were sacrificed anatomy of the kidneys, or radioactive hazards CT follow-up, this 2 ways of animals is severely scratched, B-developmental follow-up study of renal pelvis morphology more many advantages, continuous follow-up of individual animals kidney development, and with the development and maturation of B-dimensional reconstruction, the future is expected to partially replace CTU Urology more expensive inspection items. Although the three-dimensional ultrasound has come out, but for various reasons, has not been clinical applications, and little research on the three-dimensional reconstruction of the two-dimensional ultrasound, this study in mice for the study, from the establishment of the technical means, the high-frequency micro-ultrasound 3D reconstruction of follow-up kidney and ureter malformations kidney development in mice these two aspects, to study, super three-dimensional reconstruction is more accurately a variety of different situations kidneys inspection, reconstruction and measurement, to lay the foundation for further study. Get the first part of the high-frequency micro-ultrasound the mouse kidney imaging technology means the establishment Objective: To experiment to establish operating procedures, using the VEVO 770 UBM ultrasound scanning system to obtain images of mouse kidney and master the operation safe method of anesthetized mice. Materials and Methods: normal C57BL / 6 newborn mice 5, respectively, in the first days after birth, 1, 2, 3 and 6-8 weeks both kidneys of mice Vevo 770 UBM system for high-frequency micro-ultrasound scan kidney volume with the reconstruction obtained reported in the literature commonly used in the measurement of kidney volume in mice Micro CT method measured volume using SPSS 15.0 for two independent samples a group t test for three-dimensional reconstruction of high-frequency micro-ultrasound measurement of mouse kidney the accuracy of the volume, and compare the classic micro CT method and overflow law to understand the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic three-dimensional reconstruction and application prospects. Results: 5 mice from birth to 8 weeks of age to check the end, no one because the anesthetic accident, improper operation resulting in death, and the end of each test, the mice can be accepted by the mother and continue raising, also does not appear Other related comorbidities. Preliminary experiments in mice of 10 kidneys, the measured volume are shown in Table 1, the average volume: (183.18 ± 30.90mm3), with micro CT method reported in the literature measured kidney volume using SPSS 15.0 for two independent samples into groups t-test, p = 0.817 gt; 0.05. Conclusion: the high-frequency micro-ultrasound method and the results of three-dimensional reconstruction of the micro CT method detection mouse kidney volume was no significant difference, better accuracy. (2) high-frequency micro-ultrasound method with high safety, radioactive, high repeatability, the noninvasive, accuracy, convenience, low cost, fast-acting and objectivity variety of advantages, there are also higher requirements to the technical staff, at the upper and lower pole of the kidney often unclear, the presence of confounding factors in the detection process more testing longer susceptible to fatigue caused by technical personnel shortcomings, but overall, compared to the micro CT method and overflow method, high-frequency microscopy The advantages of the ultrasonic method is obvious, and we also believe that the shortcomings and deficiencies as technology advances can be gradually overcome. The second part of the high-frequency micro-ultrasound follow-up of three-dimensional reconstruction of the kidney and ureter deformity kidney development in mice Objective: The first part of the establishment of technical means of high-frequency micro-ultrasound three-dimensional reconstruction detection of mouse kidney, kidney and ureter deformity mouse model of kidney development process followed perfect three-dimensional reconstruction of the high-frequency micro-ultrasound detection technology, the stagnant water of the kidney and normal kidney and renal volume and function in mouse kidney development as well as further research to lay the foundation. Materials and Methods: we selected a total of four pairs the ROBO2 knockout C57BL / 6 mice were mating litter establish normal and hydrocephalus kidney, animal models, and use the first part of the establishment of the technical means of newborn mouse kidney pelvis developmental follow-up, survival time greater than or equal to 3-week-old mice into the group, and to understand the relationship between genotype and performance with the tails measured the mouse ROBO2 genotype, and normal mouse kidney pelvis volume using SPSS 15.0 software and hydrocephalus mouse kidney pelvis volume 2 independent samples into groups t-test, and box plots depicting kidney and renal pelvis development, understand the rules and characteristics of the development of the mouse kidney pelvis and three-dimensional reconstruction of three-dimensional diagram to show the normal kidney development process. Results: Finally a total of 3 hydrocephalus mice and 8 normal mice survived to the age of 3 weeks or more, these mouse kidney three-dimensional reconstruction of the measured data are listed in Table 2, the tails measured by mouse genotype and small the final phenotype in mice and consistent with the theory that the kidney volume of normal mice and hydrocephalus in mice at 2 weeks of age, no significant difference, in addition has a more statistically significant differences in the other age segments, while the normal small rats and stagnant water volume of the renal pelvis in mice from birth until 8 Zhoufa Yu mature each week-old segment were significantly different; box plots from the renal pelvis and development can be seen, can be seen in normal mice kidney volume with birds grew increases, fluctuations in the volume of the renal pelvis in 2 weeks and 3 weeks of age, do not like kidney volume consistent from start to finish an increasing trend; hydrocephalus mouse kidney volume and the volume of the renal pelvis with week-old increases; through the pelvis of the kidney percentage of independent samples t-test, normal mice and hydrocephalus mice after birth, 1 day, 1 week old, renal pelvis accounts were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of kidney volume, and two weeks age to the age of 6-8 weeks, normal and Sekisui mice pelvis percentage of total kidney volume were significant statistical differences; the respective developmental process through the normal mice and hydrocephalus mice paired samples t-test, we found that normal small rat renal pelvis during the development of kidney volume in different age segments have a significant statistical difference, while the volume of the renal pelvis in 2 weeks to 3 weeks of age, no significant difference in the remaining weeks of age segment were statistically significant differences ; hydrocephalus mouse kidney volume in 2 weeks to 3 weeks of age were no statistically significant differences were statistically significant differences in other weeks of age segment, water mouse renal pelvis volume at 2 weeks and 3 weeks of age statistically significant differences in the other weeks of age segment have significant statistical difference; through three-dimensional images and kidney sagittal images visualize the pelvis during the development of mouse kidney. Conclusion: In the three-dimensional reconstruction process, hydrocephalus renal reconstruction and the reconstruction of the normal kidney there is no significant difference between three-dimensional reconstruction techniques is exactly the same and normal kidney ultrasonography and normal mice, of course, the plot water kidneys will appear, such as the side wall echo loss, and that leads to increase of the error; reason about 2 weeks of age, no significant difference in hydrocephalus in mice and normal mice kidney volume one hand may be compared with the sample size less relevant, on the other hand, mice with severe water basically had died before the 2-week-old, enrolled hydrocephalus mice generally mild to moderate hydrocephalus, kidney volume were not significantly increased compared with normal kidney; 3 can be seen from the development of mouse kidney pelvis box plots, 2-week-old normal mice renal pelvis volume the pelvis and volume of greater than 3 weeks of age in normal mice, but the difference is small, we think that is also due to the small sample size and inevitable errors; 4. normal mice or stagnant water volume development of the mouse renal pelvis in 2 weeks and 3 weeks of age, a slow and stagnant process, and this process is hydrocephalus mice kidney volume in 2 weeks and 3 weeks of age, no significant difference in the results related to the need to increase the sample size of the stagnant water of mice, and to further explore the urinary tract malformations in mice at 2-3 weeks of age hydrocephalus degree of transient the mitigation be concluded. Hydrocephalus mice, the degree of hydronephrosis after 2 weeks of age compared with normal mice significantly increased renal parenchyma accounted for a percentage of the total kidney volume was significantly decreased, and began to show the consequences of the inflammatory response, manifested as non-functional The scar tissue is obvious, therefore, hydrocephalus renal parenchymal volume will be greater than normal renal parenchyma volume, but not as good as normal kidney function.
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