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Bees are social insects, with a typical class-type polarization. Although the queen and worker bees in the colony the same as the female bee, but only the queen and worker bees do not have the reproductive ability of different class types have different bee proteome. Therefore, the analysis of the development of bee caste differentiation proteome, and to compare its spatial and temporal differences in protein expression profiles, will reveal the bee bee biology and molecular mechanisms of differentiation stage type has a certain significance. In this study, two-dimensional electrophoresis technology, analysis and comparison of the queen and worker caste differentiation characteristics of the proteome, the use of biological information used to identify differentially expressed proteins partial function, thereby identifying proteins classified according to their function and biochemical pathway analysis. The results showed that the larvae three days and five days of age, the queen expressed respectively 288 and 247 proteins; while the worker bees in three days and five days of age, respectively, expressed the 259 proteins and 236 proteins; into pupa on the 11th age, the queen head proteome has 311 proteins, significantly higher than the number of worker bees head protein expression (278). Three days, the two-stage type bee Total protein was 156, while the queen and worker bees of specific proteins, respectively 132 and 103; into larvae five days of age, two type of bee Total protein was 95 points, while queen-specific proteins is 179, the worker bees specific proteins point 141; into pupae 11 days of age, the queen and worker bees head of 194 total proteins, while the queen's point of 117 specific proteins, protein spot as worker bees 84. Queen and worker bees protein expression profiles were significantly different, the queen expressed proteins and specific protein total number of worker bees are more and more, indicating that the gene expression of queen bees even stronger. Developmental expressed in total protein may be necessary for their development housekeeper proteins, but they are level-type expression patterns, but there is a big difference. In three days the queen and worker bees a large differentially expressed proteins, indicating that the level-based differentiation, queen and worker bees require different proteins to regulate their development. Use MALDI-TOF/MS queen and worker bees on 60 differentially expressed proteins were identified and in accordance with the protein in bee exercised during the development of the function of these identified proteins are divided into eight functional categories: carbohydrate metabolism and energy production class of proteins (35%), protein and fatty acid metabolism of protein (17%), antioxidant class of proteins (15%), development-like protein (12%), Nutritional Storage class of proteins (10%), with a protein-folding function (6% ) and the transcription and translation related proteins (4%), and proteins of unknown function (1%). Among them, the metabolism of the largest number of protein expression, indicating that the two types of bee larvae metabolism, need a lot of energy to complete growth and development, while the queen and worker bees in two age differential protein expression clustering found the queen bee in the development process, raised more carbohydrate metabolism and energy production class of proteins, indicating that energy demand may have contributed to the evolution of queen bee larvae a reason. The three-day-old and 5-day-old queen and worker bees 60 differentially expressed proteins for biochemical pathway analysis found that 24 proteins play a key role in the development of protein nodes, which are: aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, ATP synthase beta subunit , bellwether, enolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, transketolase, Leonardo ,14-3-3 protein epsilon, actin-87E isoform 2, cathepsin D, Imaginal disc growth factor 4, lethal (2) 37, arginine kinase, fatty acid binding protein, Proteasome subunit alpha type 5, Peroxiredoxin 2540, Glutathione S transferase S1, thioredoxin peroxidase 1, Heat shock protein cognate 3, ERp60, Larval serum protein 2, Translational controlled tumor protein. These nodes protein is not only essential for the growth and development of the larvae, but also for further research and validation stage type differentiation provides a target protein.
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